试题与答案

(二)阅读《编钟里的科技与奥秘》,回答14—17题。(共8分) ①在古代,世界各

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

(二)阅读《编钟里的科技与奥秘》,回答14—17题。(共8分)

①在古代,世界各地都有钟,但它们都没有成为乐器,这是因为这些钟的截面是正圆形的,声音持续时间太长。唯独中国的编钟,它的截面像两片瓦合在一起,因为钟体扁圆,边角有棱,声音的衰减较快,所以能编列成组,作为旋律乐器使用。

②在湖北省随州市出土的曾侯乙墓编钟共有65件,是迄今发现的最大最完整的一套编钟。曾侯乙墓编钟铸造于两千五百年前的战国时代,它气势恢弘,总重量达到两千五百多公斤,加上横梁、立柱等构件,用铜量达五吨之多,这在世界乐器史上是绝无仅有的。更神奇的是,每一个编钟都能发出两个乐音,这两个音恰好是三度关系。

③曾侯乙墓编钟的音域宽达五个半八度,而且十二个半音齐备,是世界上已知的最早具有十二个半音的乐器。

④编钟的发声原理大体是,编钟的钟体小,音调就高,音量也小;钟体大,音调就低,音量也大,所以铸造时的尺寸和形状,对编钟有重要的影响。

⑤即使在今天,铸钟仍不是一件易事。有的编钟形体很大,高度超过一米五,制造时需要用136块陶制的模子组合成一个铸模,灌注摄氏近1000度的铜水才能得到。从出土的编钟来看,它们不仅音调准确,而且纹饰极为精细,这说明商周时期青铜模具的制造技术运用得极为熟练。

⑥编钟在铸造时,除了考虑钟的美观,还要注意它的声学特点。编钟表面被称为“枚”的突出部分,不仅仅是一种装饰,它还能加快声音的衰减。

⑦青铜是一种合金,主要成分是铜,又加进了少量的锡和铅,各种金属成分的微妙的比例变化,对钟的声学性能、机械性能有重大的影响。青铜中锡含量的增加,能提高青铜的硬度。但含量过多,青铜就会变脆,不耐敲击。铜中加铅,可降低熔点,增加青铜熔铸时的流动性,还可以减弱因加锡导致的脆性,使所铸的钟耐击经用。但是含铅量过高,钟的音色又会干涩无韵。而曾侯乙编钟里,铜、锡、铅的含量达到了最合理的比例,可见春秋战国时期,人们已经对合金成分与乐钟性能的关系有了精确的认识,正因为如此,铸出的钟才音色优美,经久耐用。

小题1:.请概括出曾侯乙墓编钟的四个特点。(2分)

小题2:.画线句运用了什么说明方法?有何作用?(2分)

小题3:.下面句子中加点词语能否删去?为什么?(2分)

从出土的编钟来看,它们不仅音调准确,而且纹饰极为精细,这说明商周时期青铜模具的制造技术运用得极为熟练。

小题4:.综合全文看,影响编钟发声和音色的两个关键因素是什么?(2分)

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

答案:A

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