反映被照射物质吸收电离辐射能量程度的指标是 A．照射量 B．吸收剂量 C．放村性活度

题16～22：

根据业主要求需要在一混凝土厂房内用形钢制刚架搭建一个不直接承受动力荷载的工作平台。横梁上承受均布荷载q=45kN/m(设计值)，柱顶有一集中荷载P=93kN (设计值)。钢材为Q235-B·F。刚架横粱的一端与混凝土柱铰接(刚架可不考虑侧移)：其结构的计算简图、粱柱的截面特性以及弯矩计算结果如题图所示。

提示：柱间有垂直支撑，A、B点可作为AB柱的侧向支承点。

柱：A=8208mm²梁：A=9440mm²

l_x=13850×10⁴mm⁴ l_x=34610×10⁴mm⁴

W_x=923×10³mm³ W_x=1525×10³mm³

i_x=130mm i_x=192mm

l_y=3130×10⁴mm⁴ S_x=848×10³mm³

i_y=67.7mm

假定横梁在月点处的做法如图所示，当对柱AB进行强度验算时（截面无孔洞削弱），其最大正应力与（）项数值相近。

A．177.3N/mm²

B．190.4N/mm²

C．204.6 N/mm²

D．213.5N/mm²

环境科学中环境的定义可以用（）来概括。

下图为临时装片制作过程示意图，制作顺序正确的是

A．①②③④

B．①②④③

C．①④②③

D．①③④②

根据新颁布的《合同法》，在技术咨询合同、技术服务合同履行过程中，受托人利用委托人提供的技术资料和工作条件完成的新的技术成果，属于( )。

A．受托人

B．委托人

C．受托人和委托人按份共有

D．受托人与委托人共同共有

In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage (饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second-hand plastic.

Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled (回收利用) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.

As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life—and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.

Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste-management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.

What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers().

A. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.

B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.

C. A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.

D. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.