试题与答案

(A)某校化学兴趣小组的同学学习了酸、碱、盐的知识后,对课本中“酸、碱、盐之间并

题型:问答题

题目:

(A)某校化学兴趣小组的同学学习了酸、碱、盐的知识后,对课本中“酸、碱、盐之间并不是都能发生复分解反应”这句话产生了兴趣,展开了探究性学习。

⑴【提出问题】发生复分解反应应具备哪些条件?

⑵【活动探究】该小组同学进行以下四组实验,发现均能反应,请写出④的化学方程式:

①硝酸钡溶液与稀硫酸    ②稀硫酸与碳酸钾溶液    ③稀盐酸与氢氧化钠溶液

④硝酸钡溶液与碳酸钾溶液:                         

⑶【理论分析】上述反应为什么能够发生?是因为在这些反应物的溶液中有特殊的阴、阳离子,它们两两结合生成了沉淀或气体或水。如:

①中有Ba 2+ + SO42→ BaSO4↓ ②中有H + + CO32 → H2O + CO2↑ 

③中有H + + OH → H2O       ④中有         两种离子,所以才发生化学反应。

⑷【得出结论】经过分析,该小组同学得出以下结论:生成物中是否有沉淀或气体或水,是判断酸、碱、盐之间能否发生复分解反应的主要条件。

⑸【形成网络】按照一定的顺序排列某些离子,就可以形成一种知识网络。在网络中,用“——”相连接的阴、阳离子间能两两结合生成沉淀或气体或水。

现有Ca 2+、HCO3两种离子,请将它们填入下面合适的“”内,使其形成一个更为完整的复分解反应的知识网络。

(B)(3分)探究物质性质

      

二氧化碳的溶解性实验        氢氧化钠溶解于水

二氧化碳是否可以溶于水,很难直接观察到现象,可以通过        的变化来间接感知。同样,研究氢氧化钠溶解于水时是吸热还是放热,就是利用      的变化引起了U形管内水位的变化,使         (填a或b)处的水位升高的。

答案:

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参考答案:对

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