亲水性

Ⅲ 阅读（共两节，满分40分）

.第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

Today I’ll be talking about the invention of the camera and photography. The camera is often thought to be a modern invention, but as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered that light darkens silver salt. Used as a camera, a big box was set up, and a small hole was cut in one side to let the light in; he made temporary pictures on the salt. Silver salt is still the base of the photographic film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal which was covered with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists.

The painter De Gear improved the process by covering the metal also with placing the common salt which we can eat. This was in 1839, the official date of beginning of photographs. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it wasn’t until other scientists developed the kind of photographic paper we now use that good prints were possible and photography became truly modern. In the 1870’s, Matthew Bradey was able to take his famous pictures in American Civil War. In the 20’s of this century, Georges Mann of the United States simplified film developing (冲洗), and Dr Edward Lane invented the so—called ‘Instant Camera’ which uses self—developing film. If we say photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it took more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement(密度).

1. What discovery was the basis of photography?

A. Light darkens silver salt.                     B. Light darkens natural salt.

C. Light darkens silver.                         D. Light darkens self--developing film

2. How was the first permanent picture made?

A. By making use of special paper.               B. By adding common salt to silver salt.

C. By giving a slight colour to the silver salt.       D. By using a special piece of metal.

3. What does the speaker regard as the official date of beginning of photography?

A. 1727          B. 1826            C. 1839            D. 1870

4. According to the speaker why is Matthew Bradey remembered today?

A. He was a soldier.                   B. He took war photographs.

C. He painted portraits.                 D. He designed a portable camera.

5. What did Doctor Edward Lane invent?

A. A cheap process of developing film at home.

B. A new kind of film.

C. An automatic printer.

   D. An ‘instant camera’ that develops its own film.

GSM-R系统中CIR的中文全称是（）。

（12分）2014年，第二届夏季青年奥林匹克运动会将在南京举办。在南京，无论个人还是政府，都在为“办好青奥会，做好东道主”而努力着。下面是某校公民教育实践活动小组收集的有关南京青奥会的几则新闻：

【新闻一】奥林匹克运动会是运动员的盛会，也是志愿者的盛会！日前，青奥会志愿者招募工作已经结束，2万多名报名者主动放弃节假日休息，投入到紧张的志愿者培训工作中，听从统一指挥，服从组织安排，用心血和汗水维护志愿者的荣誉！

【新闻二】“科技青奥”示范项目被列为“十二五”国家科技支撑计划重大项目，该项目将从城市功能完善和大型赛事管理两个层面体现科技的支撑引领作用，为南京青奥会的成功举办提供强有力的技术支撑，为南京未来的城市建设和管理留下科技财富。

【新闻三】日前，一项围绕青奥会场馆沿线及周边环境综合治理为主要内容的行动拉开帷幕。相关街道沿青奥路线、会馆和场所及主城区大街小巷开展环境综合提升行动，全力改变部分环境“脏、乱、差”现状，全面提升城市市容景观和秩序。

【新闻四】为妥善解决跟青奥相关的各类纠纷案件，南京市专门成立“南京青奥人民法庭”。 “青奥法庭” 为当事人设置了快速立案、审理、执行的“绿色通道”，主要审理青奥会筹办、举办及后青奥时期发生的涉青奥刑事、民商事、行政、执行案件。

（1）（8分）运用所学知识，谈谈上述新闻对 “办好青奥会，做好东道主”的影响。

（2）（4分）为“办好青奥会，做好东道主”，请分别从个人和政府角度各献一计。

（提示：具体、可信、可行，材料中已呈现的做法不可列举）

核算工会购置具有专门用途、纳入固定资产核算范围的各类专用设备的支出的科目（）

A.专用基金

B.行政支出－商品和服务支出

C.业务支出

D.资本性支出－专用设备购置

流行性腮腺炎温毒在表的首选方剂是( )

A．柴胡葛根汤
B．银翘散
C．五味消毒饮
D．甘露消毒丹
E．普济消毒饮