什么是同度量因素？有什么作用？

科学研究是人类的一种具有（）的活动。

       1978年，我高中毕业，有幸参加第一次全国统一高考。过去一直都是开卷考试，没有压力，再说书也没读多少，有一半时间都在学校的农场里待着。父亲说，多下点功夫，有个好结果就行。

       父亲是个读书人。那年月因为几句话就改变了他一生的命运。父亲带着一大纸箱的书下放了。他把书箱交给我，虽说那时候没有人读书也没什么书读，但父亲还是在我闲暇的时候呵斥我“看书去”。

       父亲给我的书多半是文学书籍，散文居多。一本《暖流》我读了多遍，有不少篇什是写莫斯科的事，文笔很美，我至今也不知作者是谁。

       那时乡下没有电。为了我读书的方便，父亲给家里准备了两盏灯：一盏小油灯，一盏罩子灯。小油灯是家里人共用的，罩子灯就全归我了。小油灯是用一只小墨水瓶，在盖上凿个洞，再把棉花绳的蕊穿过洞当灯练就做成。罩子灯要花钱买。一般人家都点柴油，柴油比煤油便宜，但灯蕊爱结花，油烟大。村民的屋子里多半都很黑，就是油烟熏的。

       在复习迎考的日子里，家里所有的事父亲都不让我做，把我关在屋里复习。我们家是土坯房，潮湿阴暗，蚊子也多，就是白天都有嗡嗡嗡的声音。为了不让更多的蚊子进屋，父亲把自己的满是补丁的蚊帐给拆了下来，挂在我的门上当门帘。他一个人就在屋外转悠，满墙的找蚊子，白天光线亮的地方蚊子爬在墙上是不动的。要是发现有一只蚊子了，他会搬来凳子，把脚尖踮起来，用一块旧抹布什么的狠狠的把蚊子捂死，嘴里还念念有词的样子。中午我午觉醒来，隔着门帘，每每看到父亲踮起脚尖捉蚊子的身影，我的眼里就一阵酸涩，这时，也就更增添了我要考上大学的信心和决心。

       午后，听到写字台上有动静，父亲知道我起来了。他就端着罩子灯轻手轻脚的进屋了。走到床前，掀开蚊帐，他要把钻进蚊帐里的蚊子捉尽。看到有蚊子叮在帐子上了，他把罩子灯口靠上去，蚊子也就落进灯里死了，之后，他又会把蚊帐在席边掖实。一向性格急躁的父亲，这时却是如此的温柔和细腻。

       屋子里的千格篾窗很小，离地面也高。太阳偏西，光线就越发的暗了。这时父亲就会找来几张禾纸和一根筷子，父亲要擦灯罩了。他用手把灯罩的一头捂住，用嘴不停的向里面呵气，然后用筷子摁住禾纸擦着灯罩，他不时的把灯罩放在眼前仰天看着，直至看不到一丝污迹他才摆手。我敢说，父亲是村子里擦灯罩最耐心的人。

       说是写字台，其实也就是两只鸡蛋箱子摞起来的，虽说父亲在箱子上已铺了几层报纸和一层白纸，但台面还不是很平坦。所以，罩子灯放在上面，我还是要格外的小心才是。在过去的乡下，罩子灯也算是一个很不错的家什了。

       高考的日子一天天的近了，父亲付出了更多的心血。

       有一天下午，我正在聚精会神的看书，屋里的光线忽的大亮。抬头，一大束白光打在白纸搭成的天棚上。我这才记起早几天父亲请人搭天棚的事。他只是想用白纸反光--用一面镜子从屋外把阳光取回堂屋，再在堂屋放面镜子把光打到天棚上。太阳过一会就会向西移动，父亲也跟着屋里屋外的跑，不时的调整两面镜子的角度，好让光完完全全的打在天棚上……

       我没有辜负父亲的希望，有幸成为小山村第一个走进大学校门的孩子。

       从小山村到大学，从小城到都市，始终忘不掉的是那束温暖无比的光。

       父爱如灯。（选自《慢镜头下的春天》，上海文汇出版社）

1．这是一篇回忆性散文，灯在全文中起什么作用？文章主要回忆了什么事情？

2．父亲在生活上对“我”的关爱，表现在哪些事上，请简要概括？

3．请从文中找出一句关于父亲的细节描写，并说说它的表达效果。

4．试对“父爱如灯”的深刻含义略作分析。

阅读理解。

     Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be

even tougher.

     If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you

disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let other person know how you are

feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart. When you are mad at your parents, or anyone

else, not talking to them doesn't solve anything.

     Communication begins with the concerns (关心) of another. It means that you can't just come home

from school, go up to your room and ignore (不理睬) everyone. Even if you just say"Hi", and see how

their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing.

     If you looked up the word "communication" in a dictionary, it would say"the exchange of ideas, the

conveyance (表达) of information, correspondence (通信), means of communication: a letter or a message".

To maintain (保持) a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you

feel, even if it's just by writing a note.

     When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a

parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you'll listen to what they

have to say, but ask them politely to listen to you. Yelling or walking away only makes the situation worse.

     This is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be

home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn't feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude.

After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home.

Her parents were mad at first, not when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren't as mad and let the

incident go. Communication is the key factor here. If Sophie's parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie

would have been in a lot of trouble.

     Communication isn't a one-way deal: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like

Sophie's, telling the other person how you feel-listening is the key factor to communication.

1. In the writer's view, dealing with parents is _____ than with children. [ ]

A. more difficult

B. easier

C. more uninteresting

D. more interesting

2. The main idea of the second paragraph is _____. [ ]

A. the importance of friendship

B. to make your feeling known to others

C. the importance of communication

D. the disagreement between generations

3. When parents and children are in communication, the key to a happy relationship is that _____. [ ]

A. children should always obey their parents

B. they should be equal

C. parents play the leading part

D. both make the opposite know their feelings

4. The example in this passage proves that _____. [ ]

A. Sophie's parents are willing to listen to her

B. Sophie is very polite to her parents

C. Sophie did well in explaining her being late

D. communication is the solution (解决办法) to misunderstanding

5. All the following statements are correct except "_____". [ ]

A. If you don't agree with others, you'd better let them know

B. It is better to say "Hi" to others than say nothing

C. If you are not able to communicate, walk away

D. Communication is a two-way deal

乙型脑炎通过下列哪种方式传播（）

A.空气飞沫传播

B.水与食物传播

C.虫媒传播

D.直接接触传播

国家建筑工程消防设计技术标准要求挡烟垂壁边沿与建筑物结构表面的最小距离不得大于（）mm，测量值的允许正偏差不得大于规定值的5%。

A.10

B.20

C.30

D.40