女性生殖器官的结核以_______传播最多见。

以抛物线y²=2px（p＞0）的焦半径|PF|为直径的圆与y轴位置关系是______．

GB/T50001－2001中规定A2图纸幅面尺寸 是

A．594mm×841mm

B．420mm×594mm

C．841mm×1189mm

D．297mm×420mm

Can software bring dead tongues back to life? Probably yes.

A computer algorithm（计算程序）works almost as well as a trained linguist（语言学家） in reconstructing how dead "protolanguages" would have sounded, says a new study.

"Our computer system is doing a basic job right now," says Alex Bouchard-Côté, an assistant professor in the department of statistics at the University of British Columbia and lead author of the paper describing the algorithm. But the program does a good enough job that it may be able to give linguists a head start, the statistician added.

For centuries, scholars have reconstructed languages by hand: looking at the same word in two or more languages and making educated guesses about what that word's "ancestor" may have sounded like. For example, the Spanish word for man （"hombre"） and the French word for man （"homme"） developed from the Latin word "homo." The way linguists compare words from descendant（后代）languages to reconstruct the parent language is called, appropriately, the comparative method.

The early 19th-century linguist Franz Bopp was the first to compare Greek, Latin and Sanskrit using this method. Jacob Grimm, one of the Brothers Grimm of fairy tale fame, used the comparative method to show how Germanic languages developed from a common ancestor.

The difference between that and Bouchard-Côté's program, the statistician says, "is we do it on a larger scale." As a proof of concept, Bouchard-Côté fed words from 637 Austronesian languages （spoken in Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia and more） into the new algorithm, and the system came up with a list of what the ancestor words of all those languages would have sounded like. In more than 85 percent of cases, the automated reconstruction came within one character of the ancestor word commonly accepted as true by linguists.

The algorithm won't replace trained human linguists, but could speed up language analysis.

Using a computer to do large-scale reconstruction offers another advantage. Bouchard-Côté says, “With big data sets, you can really start finding regularities … You might find that certain sounds are more likely to change than others."

So Bouchard-Côté's team tested the "functional load hypothesis（假设）," which says that sounds that are more important for two clearly different words are less likely to change over time. A formal test of this hypothesis in 1967 looked at four languages; Bouchard-Côté's algorithm looked at 637.

"The revealed pattern would not be obvious if we had not been able to reconstruct large numbers of protolanguages," Bouchard-Côté and his coauthors write in the new study.

In addition to simply helping linguists understand how people spoke in the past, studying ancient languages can perhaps answer historical questions. For example, Bouchard-Côté says, "Say people are interested in finding out when Europe was settled. If you can figure out if the language of the settling population had a word for wheel, then you can get some idea of the order in which things occurred, because you would have some records that show you when the wheel was invented.”

小题1:The underline word “protolanguages” in the first paragraph probably refers to __________.

A．the languages that couldn’t be reconstructed by hand

B．parent languages that existed in the past

C．languages developed from a common ancestor

D．languages used to explain things that occurred in the past小题2:We can learn from the fourth and fifth paragraphs that the reconstruction of “protolanguage” by scholars __________.

A．is commonly accepted as false

B．dates back to the 19th century

C．focuses on European languages

D．is conducted using the comparative method小题3:According to Bouchard-Côté, reconstructing the dead "protolanguages" might     _______.

A．arouse people’s interest in when Europe was settled

B．allow us to find answers to some historical questions

C．enable us to picture the way linguists communicated

D．help figure out how the wheel was invented小题4:The author probably wants to prove the computer algorithm program led by Bouchard-Côté ___________.

A．will bring every dead language back to life

B．can take the place of linguists in language analysis

C．is of great help to promote language analysis with big data sets

D．can merely reconstruct Asian-Pacific “protolanguages”

简述柴油机直喷式和分隔式燃烧室特点。

（16分）（2012•广东）碘在科研与生活中有重要作用，某兴趣小组用0.50mol•L^﹣1KI、0.2%淀粉溶液、0.20mol•L^﹣1K₂S₂O₈、0.10mol•L^﹣1Na₂S₂O₃等试剂，探究反应条件对化学反应速率的影响．

已知：S₂O₈^2﹣+2I^﹣=2SO₄^2﹣+I₂（慢）     I₂+2S₂O₃^2﹣=2I^﹣+S₄O₆^2﹣ （快）

（1）向KI、Na₂S₂O₃与淀粉的混合溶液中加入一定量的K₂S₂O₈溶液，当溶液中的　       　耗尽后，溶液颜色将由无色变为蓝色，为确保能观察到蓝色，S₂O₃^2﹣与S₂O₈^2﹣初始的物质的量需满足的关系为：n（S₂O₃^2﹣）：n（S₂O₈^2﹣）　         　．

（2）为探究反应物浓度对化学反应速率的影响，设计的实验方案如下表：

实验 序号	体积V/ml
	K2S2O8溶液	水	KI溶液	Na2S2O3溶液	淀粉溶液
①	10.0	0.0	4.0	4.0	2.0
②	9.0	1.0	4.0	4.0	2.0
③	8.0	Vx	4.0	4.0	2.0

表中Vx=　    　 ml，理由是　                 　．

（3）已知某条件下，浓度c（S₂O₈^2﹣）～反应时间t的变化曲线如图13，若保持其它条件不变，请在答题卡坐标图中，分别画出降低反应温度和加入催化剂时c（S₂O₈^2﹣）～反应时间t的变化曲线示意图（进行相应的标注）．

（4）碘也可用作心脏起捕器电源﹣锂碘电池的材料，该电池反应为：2Li（s）+I₂（s）=2LiI（s）△H

已知：4Li（s）+O₂（g）=2Li₂O（s）△H₁

4LiI（s）+O₂（g）=2I₂（s）+2Li₂O（s）△H₂

则电池反应的△H=              ；碘电极作为该电池的　      　极．