《新的货币汇率机制》要求在未成为欧元区的国家之前，处于欧元区之外的欧盟国家的货币汇率

       微波是一种高功率电磁波，可以用特殊的天线汇聚成方向性极强、能量极高的波束，在空中以光速沿直线传播。

       所谓微波武器，指的是利用微波束的能量直接杀伤目标或使目标丧失作战效能的武器。微波武器主要由高功率发射机、大型高增益天线和瞄准、跟踪、控制等系统构成。

       微波武器可用于杀伤人员。其杀伤机理可分为“非热效应”和“热效应”两种。“非热效应”是由弱微波辐射引起的，它会使人烦躁、头痛、神经紊乱、记忆力减退。而“热效应”则是利用强微波辐射照射人体，通过短时间内产生的高温高热，造成人员伤亡。另外，微波武器还有一大绝招，即它能穿过大于其波长的所有缝隙以及玻璃等绝缘体，进入目标内部，杀伤里面的人员，甚至连封闭工事及装甲车辆内的战斗人员也难逃脱它的“魔爪”。

       微波武器可以干扰和烧毁武器系统中的电子设备及元器件。当其发射的微波束在目标区的能量密度达到0.01微瓦/平方厘米—1微瓦/平方厘米时，可使相应波段的雷达和电子系统无法工作；当微波束在目标区的能量密度增加到10瓦/平方厘米—100瓦/平方厘米时，则可烧毁任何工作波段的电子元器件。微波武器可以攻击的目标非常多，从洲际导弹、巡航导弹、飞机、坦克、军舰，到雷达、计算机、通讯器材，只要是处于强微波的覆盖区内，就可能受到攻击而丧失作战效能。

       微波武器还是隐形武器的克星。隐形武器能够隐形的关键是广泛采用了能吸收雷达波的材料和涂料。微波武器发射出的高能量微波束能使隐形武器因升温而受到破坏，轻则瞬间被加热，导致机毁人亡；重则即刻融化，变成轻烟一缕。

1．这篇文章说明的中心是                                               。

2．简述微波武器的构成及杀伤对象。

     构成：                                                     ；

     杀伤对象：                                                                              。

3．文章第四段主要运用的说明方法有                           、                            。 

4．第四段画线句中的“可能”一词能否删去？为什么？

                                                                                                                                                      。

桥涵浆砌石体基础襟边以下砌体的边线与设计位置的偏差不得小于（）。

A、3cm

B、4cm

C、5cm

D、6cm

In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media (大众传媒) work. Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned. The government does not give them money.  So where does the money come from?  From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.

Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of “keeping your name before the public”. And some people thought that advertising was “truth well told”. Now more and more people consider it in this way: Advertising is the paid, non-personal, and usually persuasive presentation of goods, services and ideas by some certain sponsors (赞助商) through various media.

First, advertising is usually paid for. Various sponsors pay for the advertisements we see, read, and hear over the various media. Second, advertising is non-personal. It is not face-to-face communication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you, in fact, it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it asks people to do something. All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can benefit them. Fourth, the sponsors of the advertisement must show their names. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a company, or a single person. Fifth, advertising reaches us through old and modern mass media. Included in the old media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and films. Modern media include emails, matchbox covers, and boards on top of buildings.

小题1:The existence of the privately owned mass media depends on the support of ________.

A．the government

B．their owners families

C．advertisements

D．the TV stations小题2:The passage seems to say that different ideas about what advertising is are given due to ________.

A．the change of time

B．the subject of the advertisements

C．people’s age difference

D．people’s different opinions小题3:Which of the following is considered modern mass media? ________.

A．Newspapers

B．Emails

C．Magazines

D．Films小题4:According to the passage, which of the following statements about advertisements is NOT true?

A．The sponsors are always mentioned.

B．Advertising must be honest and humorous.

C．There is the description of things advertised.

D．Advertising is directed at large groups of people.

刘白羽的《火光在前》原稿有一段是这样写的：王春像洗了一个澡，他的眼睛发光了，脸上有了活跃的神气，腰板也挺直了„„定稿时作者把“活跃的神气’’改为“活气”，这样改的原因是（）

A.为了准确

B.为了生动

C.为了简练

D.为了鲜明

道路的防护林带一般应距离路基（）。

A.lm～5m

B.5m～10m

C.10m～30m

D.50m～100m