试题与答案

男性患者,78岁,无明确诱因发热,体温 39.4℃1d,周身不适,头痛,继之恶心,呕

题型:单项选择题

题目:

男性患者,78岁,无明确诱因发热,体温 39.4℃1d,周身不适,头痛,继之恶心,呕吐4次所进食物及胃液,腹泻10余次,开始为稀水样大便,后转为黏液便,有大便矢禁,里急后重不明显。阵发性剧烈腹痛。化验大便常规:脓细胞15~20个/ HP,RBC10~15个/HP。这位病人应诊断为

A.细菌性痢疾,中毒型

B.急性细菌性痢疾,重型

C.急性细菌性痢疾,普通型

D.急性细菌性痢疾,轻型

E.细菌性痢疾,混合型

答案:

参考答案:C

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题型:阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from

coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount

of anxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological,

and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or

quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.

     The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is

one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to

cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their

lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can

greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart

and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.

     Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become

work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of

learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be

worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game,

many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances.

Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that

positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism

can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.

1. An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ________.

A.  to make sports less competitive

B.  to make sports more challenging

C.  to reduce their mental stress

D.  to increase their sense of success(C)

2. According to the passage sport is positive for young people because ________.

A.  it can help them learn more about society

B.  it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

C.  it enables them to find flaws in themselves

D.  it can provide them with valuable experiences(D)

3. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________.

A.  without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence

B.  in order to make them remember life's lessons

C.  believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development

D.  so as to put more pressure on them(A)

4. According to the passage parents and coaches should ________.

A.  help children to win every game

B.  pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports

C.  enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports

D.  train children to cope with stress(B)

5. The author's purpose in writing the passage is ________.

A.  to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

B.  to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children

C.  to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

D.  to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout(B)

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