2011年8月9日，中宣部部长文云山指出：开展“走基层、转作风、改文风”活动，就

[A] Human history contains great stories that can help us appreciate more about past life.
[B] The great achievement can provide motivation for learners.
[C] Making us more human, more than anything else, is the purpose of studying history.
[D] Learning history can lead a more colorful life.
[E] History can tell us when we should give up.
[F] History can teach us a lesson from its mistakes.
The speaker alleges that studying history is valuable only insofar as it is relevant to our daily lives. I find this allegation to be specious. It wrongly suggests that history is not otherwise instructive and that its relevance to our everyday lives is limited. To the contrary, studying history provides inspiration, innumerable lessons for living, and useful valueclarification and perspective—all of which help us decide how to live our lives.
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To begin with, learning about great human achievements of the past provides inspiration. For example, a student inspired by the courage and tenacity of history’s great explorers might decide as a result to pursue a career in archeology, oceanography, or astronomy. This decision can, in turn, profoundly affect that student’s everyday life—in school and beyond. Even for students not inclined to pursue these sorts of careers, studying historical examples of courage in the face of adversity can provide motivation to face their own personal fears in life. In short, learning about grand accomplishments of the past can help us get through the everyday business of living, whatever that business might be, by emboldening us and lifting our spirits.
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In addition, mistakes of the past can teach us as a society how to avoid repeating those mistakes. For example, history can teach us the inappropriateness of addressing certain social issues, particularly moral ones, on a societal level. Attempts to legislate morality invariably fail, as aptly illustrated by the Prohibition experiment in the U.S. during the 1930s. Hopefully, as a society we can apply this lesson by adopting a more enlightened legislative approach toward such issues as free speech, criminalization of drug use, criminal justice, and equal rights under the law.
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Studying human history can also help us understand and appreciate the mores, values, and ideals of past cultures. A heightened awareness of cultural evolution, in turn, helps us formulate informed and reflective values and ideals for ourselves. Based on these values and ideals, students can determine their authentic life path as well as how they should allot their time and interact with others on a day-to-day basis.
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Finally, it might be tempting to imply from the speaker’s allegation that studying history has little relevance even for the mundane chores that occupy so much of our time each day, and therefore is of little value. However, from history we learn not to take everyday activities and things for granted. By understanding the history of money and banking we can transform an otherwise routine trip to the bank into an enlightened experience, or a visit to the grocery store into an homage to the many inventors, scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs of the past who have made such convenience possible today. And, we can fully appreciate our freedom to go about our daffy lives largely as we choose only by understanding our political heritage. In short, appreciating history can serve to elevate our everyday chores to richer, more interesting, and more enjoyable experiences.
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In sum, the speaker fails to recognize that in all our activities and decisions--from our grandest to our most rote--history can inspire, inform, guide, and nurture. In the final analysis, to study history is to gain the capacity to be more human--and I would be hard- pressed to imagine a worthier end.

读图，回答下列各题。

小题1:吉林省主要分布的少数民族是（  ）

A．回族、维吾尔族

B．哈萨克族、汉族

C．满族、朝鲜族

D．汉族、蒙古族小题2:与吉林省陆上接壤的国家是（   ）

A．韩国

B．朝鲜

C．日本

D．蒙古

       ①富兰克林被称为美国之父。在谈起成功之道时，他说这一切源于一次拜访。在他年轻的时候，一位老前辈请他到一座低矮的小茅屋中见面。富兰克林来了，他挺起胸膛，大步流星，一进门，“砰”的一声，额头重重地撞在门框上，顿时肿了起来，疼得他哭笑不得。老前辈看到他这副样子，笑了笑说：“很疼吧！可这是你今天最大的收获。一个人要想洞察世事，练达人情，就必须时刻记住低头。”

       ②富兰克林把这次拜访当成一次悟道，他牢牢记住了老前辈的教导，把谦虚列为他一生的生活准则。

       ③要取得成功，首先就要学会低头。这恰如演奏一支高昂的曲子，起首往往是低调的。低头，既是正确认识自己，也是对他人的一种尊重。什么时候都高昂着头，实际上是抬高自己，看低别人。你瞧不起别人，人家干嘛要瞧得起你呢？因此，你再优秀，再有名，也没有人愿意与你合作。

       ④当然，低头并不意味着把自己不当人。低头不应该是流水，越流越低。一支曲子，越唱越低，就会唱不下去。有人把低头理解为唯唯诺诺、忍让一切，理解为逆来顺受、低声下气，这是不正确的。有这样一个故事：有个公司招聘员工，门外排着长长的队伍，应聘者一个接一个进去接受考试。每进去一个，主考官不由分说，凌空劈来一记耳光。主考官问：“这是什么滋味?”捂着脸出来的人都落选了，他们是低头的人。后来有个年轻人进去，主考官同样劈来一记耳光，说：“这是什么滋味？”年轻人定了定神，以同样的速度，同样的力量，给主考官同样一记耳光，说：“就是这个滋味。”出人意料的是，这个年轻人被录用了。

       ⑤富兰克林以低头抵达成功，年轻人却以昂首被录用，这是不是矛盾的呢？

       ⑥不，其实为人处世真正的法则是把自己摆在一个恰当的位置上：在摆放自己处的位置时，我们应该是富兰克林；而在摆放我们自己心的位置时，我们必须是那个年轻人。也就是说，我们应该低头处世，昂首做人。

1．概括本文的中心论点。

2．第③段画线句运用了什么论证方法？有什么作用？

3．文中的年轻人回敬了主考官一记耳光反而被录用了，你认为原因是什么?

4．结合全文内容，说说应该怎样把握“低头”的尺度和“昂首”的尺度。

5．文中说低头不是“逆来顺受、低声下气”。但生活中也有人赞赏忍气吞声、甘受胯下之辱的韩信，称道曲意逢迎、讨好夫差的勾践，认为正是当初他们肯“低头”，才让韩信日后有机会成为三军统帅，让勾践最终有机会吞并吴国。对此你是怎样认识的？谈谈你的观点和理由。

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对公安机关人民警察的惩处包括行政处分、警纪处分和刑事处罚。其中行政处分包括( )。

A．撤职

B．记大过

C．降级

D．开除

老年人后部鼻出血的好发部位是（）

A.下鼻道外侧壁后方接近鼻咽部的吴氏鼻－鼻咽静脉丛

B.鼻中隔前下部的克氏静脉丛

C.鼻中隔后部

D.下鼻甲前端

E.中鼻道