试题与答案

如图所示,间距l=0.3m的平行金属导轨a1b1c1和a2b2c2分别固定在两个

题型:计算题

题目:

如图所示,间距l=0.3m的平行金属导轨a1b1c1和a2b2c2分别固定在两个竖直面内。在水平面a1b1b2a2区域内和倾角θ=37°的斜面c1b1b2c2区域内分别有磁感应强度B1=0.4T、方向竖直向上和B2=1T、方向垂直于斜面向上的匀强磁场。电阻R=0.3Ω、质量m1=0.1kg、长为l的相同导体杆K、S、Q分别放置在导轨上,S杆的两端固定在b1、b2点,K、Q杆可沿导轨无摩擦滑动且始终接触良好。一端系于K杆中点的轻绳平行于导轨绕过轻质滑轮自然下垂,绳上穿有质量m2=0.05kg的小环。已知小环以a=6m/s2的加速度沿绳下滑,K杆保持静止,Q杆在垂直于杆且沿斜面向下的拉力F作用下匀速运动。不计导轨电阻和滑轮摩擦,绳不可伸长,取g=10 m/s2,sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8。求

(1)小环所受摩擦力的大小。

(2)Q杆所受拉力的瞬时功率。

答案:

解:(1)设小环所受摩擦力为f,据牛顿第二定律,有:m2g-f=m2a

解得:f=0.2 N

(2)因为K杆处于平衡状态,小环对细绳的摩擦力大小等于细绳对K杆的拉力,也等于K杆所受的安培力,即f=B1Il

K杆与S杆是并联的关系,通过的电流大小相等。Q杆匀速下滑,产生感应电动势,与K杆、S杆形成闭合回路。设Q杆的速度为v,则有:

E=B2lv,,R=R+

分析Q杆的受力,有:F+m1gsinθ=2IB2l

代入数据解得:v=5.0 m/s,F=0.4 N

所以Q杆所受拉力的瞬时功率P=Fv=2 W

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题型:阅读理解

Directions: Read the following passage.Answer the questions according to the information

given in the passage.

Why should you keep exercising even when cold temperatures make you want to hide under the covers? With the temperatures dropping at this time of year, many of us tend to hibernate (冬眠) inside our homes. But, hibernating is for bears. As humans it’s important to stay active through all four seasons. Yet, a poll of 5,000 people found that 30 percent get no exercise at all during the winter months.

Just because it is cold outside it is no excuse not to exercise. There are many exercise choices one can choose to take part in regardless of the cold weather. Depending on your location and likes, you can choose to exercise inside or outside.

All that is required for winter-time exercise is some planning and the following of some safety tips. If you prefer to exercise outside, keep the following tips in mind.

Get warm first. A proper warm-up is critical. Cold temperatures can make your muscles tight and therefore they are easier to be injured. So, it’s important to get them warm-up before intense (激烈的) physical activity.

No sweat. Don’t assume that you have to sweat in order to get a good workout. You should avoid sweating that causes the clothing layer closest to your skin to get wet and cause you to be cold.

Don’t undress when you get inside. While you may want to immediately remove your layers when returning inside, you should give your body time to adjust.

Drink up. It’s just as important to stay hydrated (含水的) when exercising in winter as it is in summer, even though you might not feel as thirsty.

Be seen. If possible, it’s best to exercise outdoors during daylight areas. If you exercise outdoors when it is dark, wear reflective (反光的) materials to ensure that you can be seen.

By staying fit during winter, you’ll be able to avoid gaining weight and losing strength caused from inactivity.

小题1: Why is it important to get your muscles warmed-up before intense physical activity? (no more than 16 words)

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小题2:What are needed for exercising in winter? (no more than 6 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

小题3:What are the advantages of staying fit during winter? (no more than 9 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

小题4:What’s the main idea of the text? (no more than 4 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

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