试题与答案

阅读下列材料: 材料一 哥伦布说:“黄金是一切商品中最宝贵的,黄金是财富,谁占有

题型:材料题

题目:

阅读下列材料:

材料一 哥伦布说:“黄金是一切商品中最宝贵的,黄金是财富,谁占有黄金,就能获得他在世上所需要的一切,同时也就取得把灵魂从炼狱中拯救出来,并使灵魂重享有天堂之乐的手段。”

材料二 基督教自称是普世教会,凡有人类的地方就该有基督教。在基督教徒眼中,从十字军南下到西非的扩张是一个自然的过程。15世纪初,亨利王子从西非沿岸南下,教皇任命他为骑士团长,该骑士团拨出大量钱财供他用于在西非传教。……基督教的理想是扩张的凝结剂,使各种各样世俗的要求罩上神圣的光圈,不管是到东方来的达?伽马,还是往西方去的哥伦布,都是把宗教目标和现实目标糅合在一起,无法区分。传播基督教成为探险家们强大的精神来源之一。

材料三 由于新航路的开辟,东西两半球的不同文化圈的大汇合,加速了人类从传统农耕文明向现代工业文明转变的过程。……没有了美洲贡献的大量金银与物质财富,没有北美的自由移民垦殖区,西方资本主义的发展将会缓慢得多,英国也不可能成为发动工业革命的国家,同时在旧大陆也很难出现像美利坚合众国那样的自由资本主义试验场地。同样,没有把世界联成整体的地理大革命,也不可能出现推动否定旧传统的思想解放运动。

——材料二、三均摘自黄邦和等主编《通向现代世界的 500年:哥伦布以来东西两半球汇合的世界影响》

材料四 据《环球时报》2005年8月24日报道:1992年,正值哥伦布发现美洲大陆500周年纪念,联合国教科文组织本打算将这天定为全球纪念日,没想到这个提议遭到了许多墨西哥人的反对。墨西哥的印第安人还于当天举行了游行示威,甚至砸掉了哥伦布塑像的一段手指。不仅如此,许多土著居民坚决反对人们使用哥伦布“发现”新大陆这种说法,他们认为,早在哥伦布之前,他们的祖先就生活在这片土地上,并形成了自己独特的文化。每到10月12日,就会有印第安人来到塑像前表示抗议,指责哥伦布的到来给美洲带来的是痛苦和灾难。鉴于印第安居民的强烈反应,美洲的许多国家都已经将哥伦布发现美洲的这一天定为“种族日”,意思是说在这一天,美洲人的血统和种族都发生了改变。

请回答:

(1)结合材料一、二,分析新航路开辟的物质动力和精神动力是什么?

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(2)站在世界史观的角度,结合材料三分析新航路是如何推动世界历史发展的?

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(3)结合材料四说明,为什么墨西哥许多土著居民坚决反对人们使用哥伦布“发现”新大陆这种说法?为什么美洲许多国家将哥伦布发现美洲的这一天定为“种族日”?

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Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot(行李箱).

Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠) at Romney Marsin, Kent after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. “Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly,” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn’t force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”

Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.

Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”

It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.”

His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.

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A.The Story of Mr. Johnson, A Sweet Salesman

B.Car Boot Can Serve As The Best Escape Route

C.Driver Escapes Through Car Boot

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A.The hammer.

B.The coin.

C.The screw.

D.The horn.小题3:Which statement is true according to the passage?

A.Mr. Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down.

B.Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam.

C.Mr. Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road.

D.Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat.小题4:“Finally it gave” (Paragraph 5) means that _______. 

A.Luckily the door was torn away in the end

B.At last the wrench went broken

C.The lock came open after all his efforts

D.The chance was lost at the last minute小题5:It may be inferred from the passage that _______. 

A.the ditch was along a quiet country road

B.the accident happened on a clear warm day

C.the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch

D.Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended

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