试题与答案

(24分)护照是现代公民出入国境时的一份普通身份证明证件,各国护照上面都印有一句

题型:综合题

题目:

(24分)护照是现代公民出入国境时的一份普通身份证明证件,各国护照上面都印有一句话,“请各国军政机关准许通过并给予协助和必要的保护”。请阅读下列材料,回答相关问题。

材料一  在古代就出现了护照的雏形,当时出国只限于贵族、皇家使节等少数人,他们持有君主开具的身份证明或信物,如汉朝使节所持的“符节”、罗马使节的金戒指等,以表示其地位和权利,以便出使的国家给予特别的优待。到了17世纪,英国开始给所有的英国商船船长颁发护照。此时,大英帝国的海上霸权,已经呼之欲出了。1791年法国宪法中,护照被认为是公民的权利之一,1792年的法令规定,每个迁移的法国国民必须有一本护照。20世纪初,现代护照制度被大部分国家普遍采用,越来越多的国家要求入境者必须出示本国护照。1914年英国首次实行本式护照,并规定所有公民出国必须申领护照,这种护照的形式也被他国采用。

材料二 长期以来,中国并没有西方护照之概念,护照一词虽然最早在《尼布楚条约》(1689年)中出现,也只是政府为商人开具的一种集体信函。而且从保存的资料看,主要是为俄国商人入境所用,很少看到中国商人出境。到了近代,国门大开,外国人不用检查直入中国口岸。1858年出现了一种奇特的内地护照,《天津条约》规定外国人赴内地“执照由领事馆发给,由地方官盖印。经过地方,如饬交出执照,应可随时呈验,无讹放行……如其无照,其中或有讹误,以及有不法情事,就近送交领事官惩办,沿途只可拘禁不可凌虐”。

材料三 新中国实行的各版护照简介

1949年单页版、50版、53版、58版护照为中俄文对照,防伪手段几乎为零
71版、75版改为中法英文对照,这一时段因私护照几乎为零
80版将75版的“本护照前往下列国家和地区有效”改为“本护照前往世界各国有效”
81版改变了53版以来6位数的护照累计号码,升至7位数号码
97版采用数码技术、激光打印等防伪手段。到2005年达到年均签发400万本,80%是因私护照
(1)请依据材料一归纳从古至今护照的变化,分析20世纪初现代护照制度被普遍采用的历史背景。(10分)

(2)依据材料二,分析《尼布楚条约》签订后中国商人很少出境的原因。结合历史背景,谈谈你是如何认识“内地护照”的。(6分)

(3)依据材料三,请结合历史背景,解读新中国护照的发展历程。(8分)

要求:提取信息充分;总结和归纳准确、完整;解释和分析逻辑清晰。

答案:

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参考答案:A, B, C, E

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2009年7月5日,乌鲁木齐市发生一起典型的境外指挥、境内行动,有预谋、有组织的打砸抢烧严重暴力犯罪事件。事件发生后,当地政府和有关部门立即采取果断而有力的措施,迅速平息暴力犯罪,及时、妥善地处理这一事件,保障社会平稳和人民安康。这表明

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