下列不属于我国城市土地制度基本特征的是()。A.城市土地实行土地公有制 B.城市土地

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　　众所周知，生物多样性是地球生命体系稳态延续的基本前提。但人类社会的活动由于受到价值定位的影响，总会对某些生物物种过分偏爱，而对另一些生物物种漠然视之，甚至对某些物种厌恶有加，因而在地球生命体系中并存的生物物种，在人类社会中总会受到各不相同的待遇。这种不公正性，首先表现为人类社会控制下的生物群落，在物种数量上比自然生态系统中要少得多；其次表现为不同物种受到的待遇也互有区别，而且无视其原生特性；再次表现为相互间的关系得按照人类的意志加以调控。这些特征体现了人类社会对地球生命体系的偏离。这样的偏离积累扩大后，最终都会影响到地球生命体系的生物多样性。

　　不同文化对生物物种的价值定位，完全屈从于相关民族文化稳态运行的需要，而这样的需要又具有多重性，因而不同民族文化对生物的价值定位并不具有通约性。比较不同民族文化对生物物种的价值定位，其间也无规律可言。目前愈演愈烈的农田化进程和作物种植、牲畜饲养的单一化，恰好是全球范围内文化辐合趋同演替的自然结果。要消除这些威胁，更好地维护生物多样性，出路只有一个，那就是人类的食品结构必须尽可能多样化，尽可能从更多的生物物种中获取食物来源。而做到这一点的根本保证，也只能是民族文化的多元并存。

　　在文化辐合趋同演替的背景下，人类生产食品的办法也会日趋单一化。目前，在全球范围内，最为通行的作物保护措施就是化学农药的使用。但任何化学农药都会不加区别的消灭一切除作物和家养动物以外的物种，这对生物多样性的破坏是不言而喻的事实。然而，随着文化的辐合趋同，人类无法找到一种更好的化学农药的替代品，以至于生物多样的保护成了一纸空文。

　　生物多样性维护的另一个重要的威胁是化肥的滥用。人类在使用化肥时关注的仅是作物本身，对使用化肥的负面效应即使了解，也往往是不加理会。化肥的使用对于土壤微生物的存活是一个重大威胁，而这又会导致其它众多生物的生存压力。加上过量化肥对水体的污染，还会威胁到水生动植物的生存。然而，在文化辐合趋同的背景下，这些对生物多样性的明显威胁却无法得到缓解与消除。工业文明的食物生产模式在这一背景下，被不加区别地大范围推广，这同样会使生物多样性的维护更加艰难。

　　为了维护生物的多样性，人类社会应当拥有尽可能多的食物来源渠道和食物生产办法，以便分散对不同生物物种的生存压力。要使食物生产的多样化成为可能，同样需要民族文化的多元并存。因此，文化的辐合趋同本身就是对生物多样性的损害。如果没有认识到这一负面效应，维护生物多样性永远只能是一个理想，而无法落到实处。

1．对体现“人类社会对地球生命体系的偏离”的特征，表述不正确的一项是（     ）

A．人类社会对地球生命体系中并存物种不公正是受到价值定位的影响。

B．在物种数量上，人类社会控制下的生物群落远远少于自然生态系统中的生物群落。

C．人类社会对待不同物种或厌恶、或漠视、或偏爱，且无视其原生特性。

D．人类按照自己的主观意志调节控制物种与物种之间的相互关系。

2．对文化辐合趋同造成的结果，理解不恰当的一项是（     ）

A．食物来源集中于较少的生物物种，食品结构相对单一。

B．农田化进程愈演愈烈，作物种植、牲畜饲养单一化。

C．人类生产食品的办法日趋单一化，如作物保护措施单一。

D．工业文明的食物生产模式使生物多样性的维护更加艰难。

3．根据全文内容，最适合做这篇文章标题的一项是（     ）

A．文化辐合趋同对人类生态安全的威胁

B．文化辐合趋同对生物多样性的危害

C．生物多样性与文化多样性

D．生物多样性与合理利用地球资源

4．根据原文提供的信息，以下推断不正确的一项是（     ）

A．地球生命体系的稳态延续与民族文化的辐合趋同之间存在冲突。

B．生物多样性的保护之所以成为一纸空文，是因为客观上存在的困难以及人类的漠视。

C．文化的辐合趋同意味着对地球生命体系的破坏，它对人类弊大于利。

D．民族文化的多元并存是维护生物多样性的根本保证，也是地球生命体系稳态延续的客观要求。

A famous study was done in a school by a professor from a university．At the start of the school year，the teachers were given the names of five children．They were told that these five were the most excellent students in the class．But the fact was that these students were only average，and they were not the best students at all．Well，guess what? At the end of the year，all the five average students scored among the highest in the class．

What made these average students change so much to become top students? The only difference was the change in their teachers’ attitude．Because the teachers believed that these five kids were the top students，they expected more from them．And so these five average students began to believe and expect more from themselves．So they worked harder to do as well as they could．

Do you know? If you expect the best from people，they’ll usually want to give you their best．A great leader said，“Treat a person just how he appears to be on the outside，and you’ll make him even worse．But treat a person like he’s already a success，and you’ll help make him the best he can be．”

Like the true story of 7-year-old Johnny，his teacher got so angry with him that one day she said，“Johnny，you’re the naughtiest(最顽皮的) boy in this class．I’m sure you’ll never change．”The next year Johnny had a new teacher．And on the first day of class，she met with Johnny after school and said，“Johnny，I’ve heard a lot about you! But do you know that I don’t believe a word of it．”And every day after that，this new teacher treated Johnny as if he was one of the smartest students even when Johnny did naughty things．Later on，Johnny became a school leader．Because that’s the power of our belief and attitude toward children．

1．The professor started his research by ________．

A．telling the five students to work harder than ever before

B．teaching the five children himself

C．telling the teacher the five students were the best in the class

D．asking the five children to find a new teacher

2．The five average students became top students mainly because of ________．

A．the professor’s study     B．the change in the professor’s attitude

C．the teachers’ hard work   D．the change in the teachers’ attitude

3．Why did the writer tell us the story of 7-year-old Johnny?

A．To show the importance of encouragement．

B．To show that the boy was clever enough．

C．To let us know the famous boy．

D．To let us know how good his new teacher was．

4．According to the story，we can learn that ________．

A．the research began at the end of the school year

B．the students scored highest only because they worked hard

C．if you expect the most from people，you’ll get the least

D．little Johnny liked his new teacher very much

5．What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．If you want to get more，you should have new teachers．

B．Attitude and belief can change a person．

C．A professor’s study can help you score highest．

D．Only teachers can make you a top student．

与他人会谈以达成一致或者共识的过程被称为（）。

A、双赢

B、谈判

C、争取同意

D、对抗

药品广告中必须标明（）

A.药品商品名称

B.咨询电话

C.忠告语

D.药品价格

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