试题与答案

羊肉泡馍的联想 ①在西安的时候,我带一位澳大利亚的朋友去吃羊肉泡馍,进得店,坐下

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

羊肉泡馍的联想

①在西安的时候,我带一位澳大利亚的朋友去吃羊肉泡馍,进得店,坐下,几个白生生的馍就端上来,说时迟那时快,老外已经捉住一个馍,咬将下去,我赶紧叫道,吃不得呢哥哥,是生的。

②只好停下来。无论在路上如何心急火燎地紧赶慢赶,从高速公路来,坐喷气式飞机来,但进了羊肉泡馍店,你就必须按照古老的时间,慢下来,而且越慢呢,你那碗羊肉泡馍才越吃得到位。先是要去把手洗干净,然后坐下来,品口茶,再细细地把馍掰碎,约莫一刻钟,才由伙计把掰好的碎馍收去,有时十几分钟,再端回,这才是吃的时候。

③如果急着吃,把馍掰得大块大块的,还是吃不稳,也勉强吃吧,后来发现再热的羊肉汤也泡不软,咬到核心,还是夹生。所以一定要慢下来,慢下来,要漫不经心地掰,把馍一点点掰到花生米大小,要东张西望,百无聊赖,可以想点自己的心事。中国的思想就是在这种时候出现的。掰馍的时候,嗑瓜子的时候,如厕的时候,对着梅花发呆的时候,而不是罗丹大师雕塑的那个“思想者”一本正经的架势。莫去想火车开车的时间,也莫去担心停在外面的私家汽车,要像茶叶一样慢慢往茶杯底沉下去,要慢到看见从窗子里投进来的日影如何探着猫须,从凉菜碟爬到了茶杯盖附近。

④这时候你的馍就掰好了,适才一个硬馍,现在蓬松松的成了一大碗,面团像棉花一样一朵朵开放着。身上的汗也凉了,心也静了,富贵或者贫贱也成浮云了,外面等着的什么也忘得一干二净了。于是伙计躬身上来,把你的馍端走,留给你一个牌,谁掰的馍就是谁掰的馍,决不会混为一谈,端下去是你的那碗,端回来还是你的那碗。

⑤都说羊肉泡馍了得,其实味道如何,只有自己心里有数。一个老西安掰的馍与外地人掰的馍是完全不同的,心里挂着迟到要扣工资的白领与无所事事、吃饱了馍要去碑林看刻着黄庭坚手迹的那块石头的老李掰的馍有天壤之别。口感的层次完全不同,都说好吃,但体验的绝不是同一个标准的好。

⑥羊肉泡馍与麦当劳卖的馍不同,麦当劳的馍都是一样的,计算好了的,配方、火候、时间长短。放在纽约的马嘴里与北京的牛嘴里并没有什么不同。掰馍的耐心还在于,有人肚子小,只掰一个就够了,你肚子大,要掰两个。人家的都掰好了,端走又端回来,并且呼哧呼哧,酣畅淋漓起来了,你要视而不见,目中无人,继续掰你的,还要更慢些,让那个埋头猛喝的忽然觉得他的速度有辱斯文。

⑦比快容易,比慢就难了。西安有一家百年老店,什么都不做,就做一块钱一个的馍。太慢了,四代人下来,就做了个馍。我以为是什么了不起的地方,找去,不过是在一条脏乱差的小街上,夹在肉夹馍店和炒货店之间的一条黑乎乎的缝,门口支着炉子,而且过了中午12点就不卖了。西安有一个出租汽车司机,吃这家的馍已经吃了40年,还要吃下去。

⑧终于,我们掰好的馍被伙计端进去了,他们在后面搞什么,你不必操心,那是一个家族的秘方,味道、信用、尊严、什么什么的少许和灵感。少顷,再端回来,已经是热腾腾、黏糊糊,摊着羊肉、红椒什么的一碗。就提起筷子要动手,慢着,先剥个蒜,再兑点醋,然后呢,想怎么整怎么整。但还是要慢些,烫得很,要慢慢品味,味道是沁出来的,不是一嘴咬出来的。

⑨我把从长安传到西安的羊肉泡馍看成日常生活中的一个“慢的仪式”,此类的仪式组成了昔日中国社会日常生活的基础。在中国,生活的意义就是现在、此时此地,羊肉泡馍的仪式就是体验感受人生的过程。当你掰着馍的时候,你就像一个农民在收获、劳动,意识到你的手和身体,意识到面粉而不只是食物的名称,你重新意识到粮食,以及那些大地上的耕作者,因为吃到嘴是这么慢,这么费力,你会珍惜和敬畏。

⑩在西方,生活的方向是前面、远方。麦当劳的吃法,是为了让你赶路,馍的意思却是,这就是生活的味道。今日西方那些前卫的智慧已经有了要慢下来的意思。米兰·昆德拉在小说《慢》中写道:“跑步的人与摩托车手相反,身上总有自己的存在,总是不得不想到水泡和喘气,当他跑步时,他感到自己的体重、年纪,就比任何时候都意识到自身与时间。”“慢生活”其实是我们自己的传统思想,是很多人曾经认为应该抛弃的文化。

[链接]羊肉泡馍是西安最最有特色最有影响的食品。它的特点是烹制精细,料重味醇,肉烂汤浓,肥而不腻,营养丰富,香气四溢,诱人食欲,食后回味无穷。(选自《读者》2013第20期,作者于坚)

小题1:请你根据文中前后的有关介绍简要叙述吃羊肉泡馍的全过程。(3分)

小题2:联系上下文,品味语言。(4分)

(1)李白的《送友人》中说:“浮云游子意,落日故人情。”“浮云”指的是天空中随风飘浮的一朵白云,象征了友人的任意西东;文中第④段中加点的“浮云”又是什么意思?(2分)

(2)第⑧段中画线句中的“沁”字在表达效果上有什么妙处?(2分)

小题3:有人认为第⑦段与上下文衔接不够严密,而且内容关联不大,可以删去,你的意见是什么?请说说理由。(3分)

小题4:在以“数字”和“速度”为衡量发展指标的今天,对于第⑩段作者所提的“慢生活”这种传统思想,你是怎么理解它的现实意义的?(2分)

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

答案:B

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Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.

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