试题与答案

读书养气 ①说读书是为了升学,为了获取知识,为了提高修养,为了改变命运,为了做

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

读书养气

  ①说读书是为了升学,为了获取知识,为了提高修养,为了改变命运,为了做官,为了就业,为了成名成家,为了报效祖国,等等,均无不可。但我觉得,最根本的一条是:读书可以养气。

  ②人有三宝精气神,腹有诗书气自华。读不同的书,可以养不同的气。豪气,灵气,平和之气,浩然正气,可以养也;邪气,戾气,酸腐之气,阴阳怪气,亦可养也。读书于人,就像吃饭喝水一样不可或缺,我们可以从书中汲取无尽的精神力量——不,汲取气,汲取一种激荡在我们的血管,充盈于我们的周身,又从我们的每一个毛孔里散发出来的气。同时,读书也要像吃饭那样,吃各种蔬果和五谷杂粮,摄取多种营养——阅读各式各样的书,汲取各种各样的气,以避免先天不足,后天失调。不过,血气方刚的少男少女,不仅要杂学旁收,大量读书,还要有目标,有选择地读书,吸取精华,剔除糟粕,读天下好书,养人间正气。就像孟夫子说的那样:吾善养吾浩然之气也!

  ③如果说读书是养气,是输入,那么写作则是释放,是输出。作者把气注入文章,读者又通过读书,感受到文章的气,吸收了文章的气。你我常说的“回肠荡气”,不正是说一种读书的经验,不就是说文气在我们的胸腹之间流转激荡吗?是什么样的人,读了什么样的书,便会写出什么样的文章来。气不同,文章的味道就不同,形成的风格也就大不相同。所谓韩如潮、苏如海、柳如泉、欧如澜,便是韩柳欧苏四大文豪的禀赋、气质、学养之差异,贯透于文章中的具体表现。

  ④曹丕说“文以气为主”。韩愈也强调“气盛言宜”——就是说,写文章的人,只要气足了,想怎么写就怎么写。所谓“气”者,分为两个层面,先天为禀赋(本气),后天为学养(养气)。自身气弱的人,器小力薄,容易被书拿住,故世上多有食书不化的“两脚书橱”。而自身气足的人,不仅读书可以养气,而且善于融会,善于吐纳,作文时自然就会“天机云锦用在我,剪裁妙处非刀尺”也。正因如此,“野孩子”们的身上虽有侠气、野气和不驯之气,可是经过书卷气的浸染,其笔下之文,便多有杀气、霸气和蓬勃之气,别有手眼,异光灿烂,爽!

  ⑤人虽有先天的禀赋、气质上的差异,然而读书可以养气,则是共同的,也是共通的。庄子在《逍遥游》中说过,水之积也不厚,则其负大舟也无力;风之积也不厚,则其负大翼也无力。读书不足,养气不够,写起文章来只有出的气,没有入的气,就像游泳的人不会换气,用不了半个时辰,便三魂荡荡,七魄悠悠,蹬小腿儿翻白眼儿,简直像个垂死挣扎的瘪三。真正的文章好手,必然读书多,养气厚,厚积而薄发。那手笔,真叫个:斯须九重真龙出,一洗万古凡马空!

1、选文论述的观点是什么?

答:__________________________。

2、选文①段中,作者指出了读书的多种目的,且认为“均无不可”。在这几种读书目的中,你觉得哪一种最适合我们中学生?请简述理由。

答:__________________________。

3、第③段列举韩柳欧苏四大文豪的例子,其目的是什么?

答:___________________________。

4、第⑤段“厚积而薄发”中“厚积”指的是________,“薄发”指的是_________。

5、下面是几则关于读书的名言,如果要在本文中引用,可以选择哪两项?并说说理由。

①读书,这个我们习以为常的平凡过程,实际上是人的心灵和古今一切民族的伟大智慧相结合的过程。(高尔基)

②学而不思则罔,死而不学则殆。(孔子)

③任何一个有学问的人,在他的一生中都阅读过大量的书。(列宁) ④读过一本好书,像交了一位益友。(臧克家)

答:_______________________。

6、“读书可以养气”,“读不同的书可以养不同的气”,结合你课外阅读的感受,谈谈我们应该怎样对待生活中林林总总的书。 

答:_______________________。

答案:

1、读书可以养气。  

2、“略”。

3、运用举例论证,证明“气不同,文章的味道就不同,形成的风格也就大不相同。”这一观点。

4、读书多;写出好文章。

5、①和④;理由:“略”。

6、读《钢铁是怎样炼成的》可养刚强之气,……     读《红岩》可养浩然之气,……读《鲁宾孙漂流记》可养勇敢之气,……(以上主观题意对即可)

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题型:阅读理解

阅读理解。

Dear Mr. Zhu,

     I'm writing to your magazine's "Teenagers Now" column (专栏) to ask for some help for my 16-year-old

son. At the moment, he refuses to do almost everything his mother and I ask him to do. He is our only child

and we treat him very well. His grandparents buy him many things, but he is still not polite to us. He refuses

to spend time with us or do as we tell him. Sometimes he acts as if he doesn't love us at all.

     Now he refuses to do his homework, but wastes lots of time watching DVDs and listening to foreign

music. I cannot understand this music, so I don't like it. He also spends too much time in Internet cafes,

where he either plays games or chats online.

     What should I do? Now I am giving him his freedom. However, I am worried that if I keep allowing

him to do what he wants, he may fail at school, or worse. How can I help my son without hurting our

relationship (关系)?

                                                                                                                             Yours,

                                                                                                                          Liu Zhenhua

1. What's Mr. zhu's job?

A. A teacher

B. A magazine columnist

C. A doctor

2. What can we know about Mr Liu's son from the passage?

A. He is friendly to his parents.

B. He is afraid of his parents.

C. He is impolite to his parents.

3. Why does Liu Zhenhua write to Mr Zhu?

A. To tell a story about his son.

B. To write a report.

C. To ask for help.

4. What does Mr. Liu's son always spend his time doing?

A. Doing his homework with his classmates.

B. Playing games or chatting online.

C. Doing everything his parents ask him to do.

5. What do you think is the possible answer from Mr. Zhu?

A. The father should give his son his freedom.

B. His father should communicate with his son patiently.

C. His father should beat (打) his son.

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