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食品防腐方法的研究 夏天,煮沸的肉汤很快就会腐败变质。科学家推测,变质的肉汤里面

题型:填空题

题目:

食品防腐方法的研究

   夏天,煮沸的肉汤很快就会腐败变质。科学家推测,变质的肉汤里面可能生出了无数的细菌。那么,这些细菌是从哪里来的呢?对此,法国生物学家巴斯德(1822年-1895年)进行了认真的研究。他把新鲜、清澈的肉汤装入一个玻璃瓶里,然后把瓶颈烧软并拉成鹅颈的形状。随后,他再次煮沸瓶里的肉汤。这样,尽管肉汤通过弯曲的瓶颈与外界相通,但是4年过去了,静置的肉汤仍然新鲜如初。怎样解释这一切呢?巴斯德认为,纯净的肉汤是永远不会生出细菌的。问题是出在空气上,空气中飘浮着细菌和芽孢,它们飘落到肉汤里,才使肉汤腐败变质了。

   鹅颈瓶里的肉汤之所以长久不腐败,就是因为空气中的细菌和芽孢不能进入肉汤的缘故。为了证实自己的看法,巴斯德轻轻地摇动静置了4年的鹅颈瓶。不久,瓶内的肉汤果然腐败了。人们还根据巴斯德的实验结果,研究出了食品长期防腐的办法,这就是现在普遍生产的各种罐头食品。

根据以上材料,分析回答:

(1)食物腐败变质的原因是_________。

(2)食品要长期防腐必须防止食品被_________感染。

(3)科学研究的基本方法包括:_________、_________和_________、_________、_________等,上述材料中巴斯德的研究工作主要是:_________法。

(4)分析材料可以看出,实验法应当有5个步骤:①._________②._________③._________④._________⑤._________

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

参考答案:B

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