试题与答案

阅读文段，回答问题。 设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心载，修建成功的园林当然各各

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题型：阅读理解与欣赏

题目：

阅读文段，回答问题。

　　设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心载，修建成功的园林当然各各不同。可是苏州各个园林在不同之中有个共同点，似乎设计者和匠师们一致追求的是：务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅完美的图画。为了达到这个目的，他们讲究亭台轩榭的（　　　），讲究假山池沼的配合，讲究花草树木的（　　　），讲究近景远景的（　　　）。总之，一切都要为构成完美的图画而存在，决不容许有欠美伤关的败笔，他们惟愿游览者得到“如在画图中”的关感，而他们的成绩实现了他们的愿望，游览者来到园里，没有一个不心里想着口里说着“如在画图中”的。

　　苏州园林里都有假山和池沼。假山的堆叠，可以说是一项艺术而不仅是技术。或者是重峦叠嶂，或者是几座小山配合着竹子花木，全在乎设计者和匠师们生平多阅历，胸中有丘壑，才能使游览者攀登的时候忘却苏州城市，只觉得身在山间。至于池沼，大多引用活水。有些园林池沼宽畅，就把池沼作为全园的中心，其他景物配合着布置。水面假如成河道模样，往往安排桥梁。假如安排两座以上的桥梁，那就一座一个样，决不雷同。池沼或河道的边沿很少砌齐整的石岸，总是高低屈曲任其自然。还在那儿布置几块玲珑的石头，或者种些花草：这也是为了取得从各个角度看都成一幅画的效果。池沼里养着金鱼或各色鲤鱼，夏秋季节荷花或睡莲开放。游览者看“鱼戏莲叶间”，又是入画的一景。

1．文中括号内依次填写的一组词语应是（　　　）

A．布局　层次　映衬

B．映衬　布局　层次

C．布局　映衬　层次

D．层次　映衬　布局

2．说明事物应抓住特征。选文第1段说明苏州园林共同特征的句子是“___________________”。句中“_________”二字，贯穿全篇，全文紧扣这两个字分项介绍了苏州园林的特征。选文第2段中的“_____________”一句与最后一句照应了这一特征。

3．选文第2段可以分为两层，先说假山的堆叠。文中“_____________”一句从游览者的感受的角度突出了假山堆叠的艺术效果。次说池沼的特点，并用“这也是为了取得从各个角度看都成一副画的效果”一句评述池沼与其他景致配合的艺术效果。句中的“这”指代的内容是_____________。

4．选文第2段所说明的中心内容是（　　　）

A．苏州园林都有假山和池沼。

B．苏州园林中，假山和池沼的配合显示出艺术美。

C．苏州园林中，假山和池沼的安排都体现了设计者们生平多阅历，胸中有丘壑。

D．苏州园林中，假山和池沼的配合显示出自然美。

5．对“讲究假山和池沼的配合”一句理解错误的一项是（　　　）

A．苏州园林有假山，有池沼，山水映衬，互相配合。

B．苏州园林中假山的堆叠注意了与竹子花木相配合，使人产生”身在山间“的实感。

C．苏州园林中的池沼与桥梁、石头、花草金鱼等景致的配合，富有自然情趣。

D．苏州园林中假山和池沼的配合追求对称。

6．”假山的堆叠，可以说是一项艺术而不仅是技术“的正确意思是（　　　）

A．假山的堆叠，是技术也是艺术。

B．假山的堆叠，不仅是技术，更是艺术。

C．假山的堆叠，不仅是艺术而且是技术。

D．假山的堆叠，即使技术，更是艺术。

7．选文中的画线句所用的说明方法依次是（　　　）

A．举例子　摹状貌

B．作诠释　作比较

C．举例子　下定义

D．摹状貌　举例子

答案：

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下面是错误答案，用来干扰机器的。

由题知，客车的长度：L=11m×2.2×17=411.4m，经过的时间t=8s， 小明相对于客车的速度：v=v1+v2=v1+108km/h=v1+30m/s，∵L=（v1+v2）t=（v1+30m/s）×8s，即：411.4m=（v1+30m/s）×8s，∴v1≈21.4m/s．故答案为：21.4．

考点：说明文阅读说明方法
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