试题与答案

读下文,根据要求回答问题。 蛙年蛙心事 ①在最近几年中,曾与恐龙共同分享地球的

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

读下文,根据要求回答问题。

蛙年蛙心事

  ①在最近几年中,曾与恐龙共同分享地球的古老物种——蛙,已先后灭绝了近100种,它们是重要的环境指标生物,其灭绝是环境正在迅速恶化的警铃。事实上,这一警铃已经持续鸣响了很久,只是我们一直未曾在意。

  ②前不久,上海城区有居民向物业投诉水景小区蛙声盈耳,影响睡眠,要求他们在草坪和水池中投放农药,一举解决蚊虫问题和蛙的噪音。难道这些人不知道,毒药一旦进入水源和绿地,对周围所有的生灵都会产生威胁——蚊虫消灭了,蛙们沉默了,居民们自己也得跟着呼吸和吞吐毒物了。住着亲水亲绿的楼盘,却不懂得珍惜蛙鸣的浪漫,或许真是由于生活太紧张、压力太大,以致他们开始敌视一切东西,连审美和享受的方式都已扭曲?

  ③上海和周边地区原本可以看到七八种蛙的身影,其中有些还十分俊俏,可惜也应了“红颜薄命”那句话,越是俊俏美丽的蛙,对环境的要求越高,在污染日益严重的今天,它们的数量也越少。

  ④金线蛙披着一身镶金的绿衣,体态轻盈,住得也雅致——它们偏爱有藕莲的水塘,把一天里的大多数时间用来坐在浮叶上顾盼四周。在上海,有浮水植物的池塘已不多见,没有污染的干净水源更少,金线蛙的数量明显减少。无斑雨蛙也是蛙中“美人”,它们绿背白腹,黑色的眼睛戴着黑色“眼罩”,小巧身材配上带吸盘的大脚丫子,可以轻巧地在植物枝叶间攀爬跳跃。原先它们在上海及江浙地区数量众多,鸣叫响亮,可如今已近于濒危。鼓膜处有三角形黑斑的日本林蛙虽然冠着“日本”名,却是我国华中、华南及华东(长江以南)土生土长的蛙类。由于上海绿化树木虽多,却少有原生的草丛灌木,它们也弃城远遁。被列入国家二级重点保护野生动物的虎纹蛙外表不那么讨人喜欢,皮肤粗糙,布满大小疣粒,鸣声如犬吠,和前面几种比起来可谓五大三粗。可惜就连它们也似乎已离我们远去——2007年全上海只见到数个活体。只有黑斑蛙、泽蛙、饰纹姬蛙和憨憨的中华大蟾蜍一起,勉强接续着上海周边这一环节的食物链。

  ⑤虽然所有的蛙在上海都属于地方重点保护动物,可是我们谁没有见过在流动菜场屠蛙的场景?菜场一角,堆着几个不停跳动的网袋,蛙们透过网眼惊恐地看着人,人透过网眼冷漠地看着蛙,不知道究竟谁是冷血动物。一旦谈妥价钱,摊主收钱,一把锈迹斑斑的剪刀开始当场断头、剥皮抽筋。一会工夫,会唱歌的生灵就成了一堆赤裸跳动的血肉,那颜色和形状像极了人体。不用自欺欺人地自我安慰说,那些是养殖的食用蛙,事实是除了牛蛙和少量泰国虎纹蛙以外,很少有其他蛙类被成功养殖。众所周知,大多数蛙的眼球只对近距离的活动物体有反应,它们爱吃活虫子,死虫子它们可是直接忽略的。因此,饲养的成本远远高于直接捕捉野生蛙——那可是一桩无本生意。

  ⑥比起小商小贩的零星售卖,上海一带居民消费“熏拉丝”(烟熏蛙和蟾蜍肉)的爱好,对蛙类和蟾蜍来说简直就是灭顶之灾。在这类贸易的集散地,交易数量极为惊人。据保守估计,在上海金山、青浦一带,“熏拉丝”年销售量超过300吨,每年有1000多万只蛙和蟾蜍落入了人类贪吃的嘴巴。江南一带,历来是富饶的鱼米之乡,完全没必要为了摄取动物蛋白质而这样大规模捕杀蛙类,而蛙肉有清热解毒功用的传说也没有什么科学根据。贪尝异味的人将会为此付出代价:蛙和蟾蜍的肌肉和内脏里寄生着多种寄生虫,即使煎炒烹炸也不一定能杀死这些顽固的“流民”——以曼氏裂头蚴为例,它们一旦通过肠胃进入人体,会顺血液进入各脏器,感染严重的会导致失明、瘫痪、癫痫,甚至死亡;此外,野生蛙和蟾蜍类的体内还有着通过土壤——庄稼——昆虫——蛙的食物链富集起来的农药和重金属,这些“调味料”显然会对人体造成伤害;更何况蛙和蟾蜍的减少,必然导致作物虫害增多,从而进入不得不更大剂量地使用农药的怪圈,这些有害物质将进一步污染水和泥土,并沉淀在我们的食物里。佛说,报应不爽,在自然界物质循环和食物链的印证之下,贪婪的报应近在眼前。

  ⑦蛙想用惨痛的灭绝告诉人类,不要再步步进逼;蛙想用它们的歌声告诉人类,若你还能听见我们的鸣叫,请心存感激与欣喜。(相关链接:2008年被世界自然组织和世界动物学会共同定为蛙类年。)

1.用简洁的语言概括第⑥段的内容。

______________________________________________________

2.第④段划线句使用了什么说明方法?有何作用?

______________________________________________________

3.从语言风格看,说明文有平实的说明文和生动的说明文两种,你认为本文属哪一类呢?请举例分析说明。

______________________________________________________

4.本文仅以上海为例对蛙类的现状展开说明,这样说明充分吗?请谈谈你的看法。

______________________________________________________

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

答案:C

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