医学科研中的人体实验必须坚持( )A．使受试者的疾病得到治疗 B．使受试者获得经济利

( )若卷烟包装与卷制质量得分小于 60 分时，则判该批卷烟不合格。

阅读理解。

     A healthy amount of sunshine may be the secret to staying young. British scientists have discovered.  

     Vitamin D is produced naturally by the skin in response to (对…的反应) sunlight and may help to

slow the ageing process and protect against heart disease, according to the study.  

     Researchers from King's College London studied 2,160 women aged between 18 and 79, looking at

their telomeres-a biological marker of ageing found in DNA. As people get older, their telomeres get

shorter and they become more susceptible (易受伤害的) to certain illnesses.  

     But the study found women with high levels of vitamin D had comparatively longer telomeres-a sign of

being biologically younger and healthier.  

     The study suggests vitamin D may help to slow down the ageing process of DNA, and therefore the

ageing process as a whole.  

     Lead researcher Dr Brent Richards said, "These results are exciting because they show for the first

time that people who have higher levels of vitamin D may age more slowly than people with lower levels

of vitamin D." This could help to explain how vitamin D has a protective effect on many ageing related

diseases, such as heart disease and cancer."  

     Professor Tim Spector, a co-author of the report, added, " Although it might sound absurd(荒唐的),

it's possible that the same sunshine which may increase our risk of skin cancer may also have a healthy

effect on the general ageing process.  

     Vitamin D made by the action of sunlight on the skin accounts for 90 percent of the body's supply, but

lower levels can also be got through food such as fish, eggs and breakfast cereals(粥).  

     Other studies have suggested the vitamin plays a key role in protecting against cancer and heart disease.

1. A certain amount of sunshine helps people stay young because _________.

A. people feel happy and energetic in the sun  

B. sunshine protects people against heart disease  

C. vitamin D makes one's skin look young and healthy  

D. vitamin D may help to slow the ageing process

2. From Brent Richards, we know that ________.

A. sunlight causes skin cancer to people with high level of vitamin D  

B. the study generally has a healthy effect on the general ageing process  

C. vitamin D can only be got from fish, eggs and breakfast cereals  

D. the higher levels of vitamin D people have, the more slowly people may age

3. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Telomeres are important as they are signs of ageing of the DNA.  

B. Sunlight can be dangerous as it causes skin cancer.

C. Sunlight does more good than harm to our health.  

D. Vitamin D can also be gained from food.

4. What is the best title of the passage?    

A. Secret of Staying Young

B. Vitamin D Helps Slow Ageing  

C. Sunlight and Vitamin D

D. Sunlight and Health

阅读下列材料（14分）

材料一：漫画《思想家的话语》

材料二 ：从18世纪后期起，伏尔泰开始接触中国文化，他特别推崇中国的儒家思想，对孔子更是佩服得五体投地，房间里常年挂着一幅孔子画像。他反对君主专制，希望有一位开明君主，因此，儒家的“民为贵，君为轻”被他当作武器来攻击封建君主专制。伏尔泰推崇孔子的另一方面，是他认为孔子是用道德的说服力而不是用宗教的狂热和个人崇拜来影响别人。……伏尔泰是从中国古

老文化中为法国启蒙精神汲取营养。                   

——《儒家思想与法国大革命》

材料三  ：新文化运动的倡导者们认为，中国所危亡，民主和科学所以不能实现，是由于封建伦理道德的严重束缚所致。陈独秀尖锐地指出：以孔子学说为代表的封建伦理道德，阻碍了中国人民觉醒和社会进步。李大钊发表文章指出，孔子是“数千年前之残骸枯骨”、“历代帝王专制之护符”、“保护君主政治之偶像。”……对于不合时宜的旧道德，“虽冒毁圣非法之名，亦所不恤矣。”        

—— 马尚斌等编《中国近代史教程》

材料四：儒教中包含的这种共同体意识在韩国的现代化建设中发挥了积极的作用。……当国家的现代化成为主要目标时，全体国民能够形成集团协力组织，大规模地开展经济建设。……儒教主张人必须与天奋斗，与人奋斗，提倡力争。……正是这种刚健有为的性格、自强不息的精神，韩国才能在1997年亚洲金融危机中处变不惊，从容应对，让经济稳步复兴。

——王淑臣《韩国民族精神中的儒教精蕴》

材料五：2006年在山东曲阜举行了孔庙祭孔大典活动。祭孔的主题是“同根一脉，两岸祭孔”。这是50多年来海峡两岸历史上第一次携手共祭中 * * 的文化先哲。

回答：

（1）据材料一中三位思想家的主张，判断自左至右三位人物A、B、C分别是谁？（3分）

（2）根据材料二，说明伏尔泰推崇儒家思想的原因（不得照抄原文）。（3分）

（3）依据材料三，说明随着资产阶级革命和共和运动的深入，新文化运动倡导者是如何认识和评价儒家思想的。（3分）

（4）根据材料四，指出儒学对韩国的影响。（2分）

（5）从经济、文化的角度，你认为2006年祭孔活动对两岸发展有什么积极意义？（3分）

“商品编号”栏应填（）。

A．85411000

B．8541000

C．INB0084

D．4456789

114[案例题]女性，45岁，胃癌术后2年，现发现双侧卵巢对称性增大，直径10cm，卵巢保持固有外形，表面光滑，切面实性，灰白色，质硬。

如本瘤的形态表现为管状Krukenberg瘤亚型，即肿瘤细胞呈明显的管状排列，间质黄素化。需要与下列哪一肿瘤进行鉴别（）

A.颗粒细胞瘤

B.卵泡膜细胞瘤

C.内胚窦瘤

D.Sertoli-L，eydig细胞肿瘤

E.胚胎性癌