民国时的著名记者黄远生说：“盖在昔日，仅有制造或政法制度之争者，而在今日已成为思

下列哪些案件适用涉外刑事诉讼程序

A．中国公民在中国领域内犯罪，被害人是外国人的案件

B．外国人在中国境内犯罪，依法应承担刑事责任的案件

C．无国籍人在中国犯罪的案件

D．中国有义务管辖的国际犯罪案件

阅读文段，回答问题。

　　①美国科学家的一份报告指出：滨海湿地生态系统每公顷每年创造的综合价值达4052美元，相当于同等面积的热带雨林的2倍，或其他森林的13倍，或草地的17倍，或农田的44倍！然而，对于滨海湿地的功能与价值及其被破坏的严重性，大部分政府官员和社会公众却知之甚少，甚至毫无认识，以至于把它们统统视为有待于“开发利用”的“荒地”。

　　②滨海湿地系指沿海区域以及湿地范围的岛屿和低潮时水深不超过6米的水域，包括河口、滩涂、盐沼、海湾、海峡、红树林与珊瑚礁等，是介于海洋与陆地之间的一种特珠的生态系统，拥有多种多样的生态种类。中国滨海湿地的生物种类约有8200种，其中植物5000种，动物3200种，是生物多样性最丰富的生态系统之一。

　　③中国海岸线曲折绵长，有1．8万多公里，仅潮间带滩涂面积就有217万公顷，沿海水域是为数众多的水生生物、鸟类和两栖动物的栖息地及一些洄游鱼类的繁殖地。在中国的海域沿岸约有1500条大小河流入海，形成了浅海滩涂、河口湾、海岸湿地、红树林、珊瑚礁和海岛6大生态系统30多个种类，其中不少是具有世界意义的国际湿地。

　　④我国河口海岸面临的主要挑战：一是入海泥沙急剧减少，如近几年黄河由于来水减少和断流，河口来沙仅及50年代的1/60，导致黄河三角洲遭受海水侵蚀；二是入海污染物显著增加，全国河流长度的70．6%受到污染，农田化肥施用量近20年增加4倍多，大量工业与城市污水排放，造成近海水质恶化，赤潮频发，每年仅此一项损失就以10亿元计。

　　⑤被誉为“海上森林”和“海洋生物伊甸园”的红树林，处于海洋与陆地的动态交界面，是一种独特的海陆边缘生态系统，不仅具有丰富的生物多样性、很高的生物生产力和重要的海岸防扩功能，而且在全球生态平衡中起着不可替代的重要作用。已知全球红树林有23科30属81种，中国有16科20属29种，分布在海南、广东、广西、福建和台湾等省（区）以及香港、澳门特区的沿海。由于围海造地和砍伐，使以上省区的天然红树林仅存2～3万公顷，不及历史上的十分之一！

　　⑥中国沿海地区占陆域国土13%的经济带，承载着全国40%的人口，创造了全国60%的国民经济产值。社会经济的发展对海岸带资源环境有着极大的依赖性，同时也使滨海湿地承受着沉重的环境压力。在滨海地区进行房地产开发，建设港口码头、飞机场、游乐场、度假村、酒店和工业园区，修建海堤、高速公路和垃圾填埋场等以及直接填海造陆和进行围垦，造成了滨海湿地生态系统的永久性破坏和丧失。据不完全统计，中国沿海地区累计丧失滨海湿地219万公顷，竟占去了滨海湿地总面积的50%。

　　⑦环境问题的核心是经济问题。环境政策与经济发展政策脱节，正是当今世界可持续发展问题解决不力的症结所在。要使湿地的保护与开发协调统一，则必须在开发之前将环境保护规划引入和体现到经济发展的决策中去。要未雨绸缪，而不是亡羊补牢。

1．指出文中划横线的句子运用的说明方法并分析其作用。

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2．结合全文，说说滨海湿地被破坏表现为哪几个方面？

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3．文章结尾处“未雨绸缪”和“亡羊补牢”各指什么？

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4．对于滨海湿地的保护，你有什么良策或建议？请简要述说理由。

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Graduates from under-privileged backgrounds are to challenge the elitism of the barristers’ profession, under plans outlined today. Reforms aimed at challenging the dominance of the rich and privileged classes which are disproportionately represented among the membership of the Bar will tackle the decline in students from poorer backgrounds joining the profession. They include financial assistance as well as measures to end the "intimidating environment" of the barristers’ chambers which young lawyers must join if they want to train as advocates.
The increasing cost of the Bar and a perception that it is run by a social elite has halted progress in the greater inclusion of barristers from different backgrounds. A number of high- profile barristers, including the prime minister’s wife, Cherie Booth QC, have warned that without changes, the Bar will continue to be dominated by white, middle-class male lawyers.
In a speech to the Social Mobility Foundation think tank in London this afternoon, Geoffrey Vos QC, Bar Council chairman, will say. The Bar is a professional elite, by which I mean that the Bar’s membership includes the best-quality lawyers practicing advocacy and offering specialist legal advice in many specialist areas. That kind of elitism is meritocratic, and hence desirable.
"Unfortunately, however, the elitism which fosters the high-quality services that the Bar stands for has also encouraged another form of elitism. That is elitism in the sense of exclusivity, exclusion, and in the creation of a profession which is barely accessible to equally talented people from less privileged backgrounds."
Last month, Mr. Vos warned that the future of the barristers’ profession was threatened by an overemphasis on posh accents and public school education. Mr. Vos said then that people from ordinary backgrounds were often overlooked in favour of those who were from a "snobby" background. People from a privileged background were sometimes recruited even though they were not up to the job intellectually, he added. In his speech today, Mr. Vos will outline the "barriers to entry," to a career at the Bar and some of the ways in which these may be overcome.
The Bar Council has asked the law lord, Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, to examine how these barriers can be overcome, and he will publish his interim report and consultation paper before Easter. He is expected to propose a placement programme to enable gifted children from state schools to learn about the Bar, the courts and barristers at first hand.
The Bar Council is also working towards putting together a new package of bank loans on favourable terms to allow young, aspiring barristers from poorer backgrounds to finance the Bar vocational course year and then have the financial ability to establish themselves in practice before they need to repay.
These loans would be available alongside the Inns of Court’s scholarship and awards programmes. Mr. Vos will say today: "I passionately believe that the professions in general, and the Bar in particular, must be accessible to the most able candidates from any background, whatever their race, gender, or socioeconomic group. The Bar has done well in attracting good proportions of women and racial minorities and we must be as positive in attracting people from all socioeconomic backgrounds.\

What are the measures of reform to help poorer graduates become barristers

在管道施工图中，细实线的宽度为（）。

A、1b

B、0.75b

C、0.50b

D、0.25b

武装直升机的起飞与着陆远远比固定翼飞机简单。