实际工作中的“一刀切”的错误是由于忽视了事物的（ ）。A．矛盾的普遍性 B．矛盾的特

一些城市为了公共工程建设，需要拆迁部分居民房屋。在拆迁过程中，一方面，部分工作人员野蛮拆迁，损害居民利益；另一方，部分居民乘机漫天要价，阻挠拆迁。这表明

A．个人利益必须服从集体利益

B．必须代表最广大人民群众的根本利益

C．个人利益和集体利益是一致的

D．既要反对极端个人主义，又要维护个人正当利益

【环境保护 刻不容缓】（12分）

材料一：今年10月底以来，从东北到京津冀鲁，再到长三角、长沙、柳州等地，雾霾侵袭范围越发扩散。中国气象局的数据显示，今年以来，全国平均雾霾天数为52年来之最，皖、湘、鄂等13地均创下“历史纪录”，呈现出持续时间长、范围广、影响大、污染重等特点。

材料二：2103年11月8号，合肥上空的能见度很差。合肥市环保局空气质量发布平台显示，当日10个监测站点均为“重度污染”，自10月16日进入污染以来，合肥市仅仅在11月2日轻松了一下，有个“良”好的空气，此后又是污染，而自8日起，再次进入“重度污染”，主要污染物均是PM2.5，其浓度一度超过300微克/立方米。据人民网发布，截至11月9日7时，合肥的AQI指数为238，全国排行第八。

（1）材料反映了什么问题?（2分）

（2）国家要求要将PM2.5列入空气质量标准进行监测、公布。因此，有人认为以上举措的实施能彻底改变我国的空气质量。请你谈谈你的看法。（5分）

（3）日照正在创建全国卫生城市，你应该从哪些方面做才能让日照更美丽?（5分）

For many years there’s been a debate about rewarding our children. Does it work? Is it effective?

Some people think we should establish a standard with our kids and give them something for meeting this standard as a reward. Punishment is given out in much the same way, but it’s used when certain standards of performance, behavior, etc. have not been met. Kids will often become more dutiful when threatened with punishment, and work harder when promised a valuable reward. The problem is what happens when you aren’t around.

To develop responsible, self-disciplined kids, parents need to promote certain ideas. One of these ideas is that everyone pitches in and helps in your family. Another idea is that there can be enjoyment in doing any task if we choose to make it so. When a task is for a worthy cause ( our family can enjoy the house more because I helped clean it), this message can have a big impact.

This is how we help our kids develop a sense of responsibility. When our children develop this responsibility, they’ll be more disciplined, and they’ll control their emotions better. When we give rewards to our kids, we reduce the sense of responsibility. We also create children who may temporarily perform to a certain standard, but who aren’t likely to continue the performance without the carrot hanging in front of them. 

“Rewards and punishment can change behavior for a while, but they cannot change the person who engages in the behavior,” said Alfie Kohn, author of Punished by Rewards. “Good values have to be grown from the inside out.” Parents can help give their children a sense of shared responsibility and discipline which can last a life time. The real rewards that your children receive will be their readiness for the complex and demanding world that waits for them—a world that rewards those who have learned the secrets of discipline responsibility. So keep those shiny rewarding to yourself, and let your kids find their own rewards.

小题1:According to the passage, when children are threatened with punishment, ______.

A．they may lose interest in their work

B．they may appear to be well-behaved

C．they may change to another person

D．the results will be worse than usual小题2:What can we know from Paragraph 3?

A．Parents should promote certain ideas to help children develop.

B．Children should be responsible for their discipline.

C．Children should help build a good family atmosphere.

D．No children will adapt to society without their parents’ help小题3: The underlined part “the carrot” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to _____.

A．rewards

B．aims

C．apologies

D．doubts小题4:According to the passage, Alfie Kohn would agree that parents should ______.

A．never pay attention to the way their children do things

B．show their children how to behave by example

C．never punish their children

D．help their children establish good values小题5:What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Do you often reward your children?

B．Should parents reward their children?

C．When should parents reward their children?

D．What can parents reward their children with?

安装洒水管路时，三通朝向方向为（）。

A、上方

B、下方

C、向上300

D、向下300

下图为有关白化病和色盲两种遗传病的家族系谱图。设白化病的致病基因为a，色盲的致病基因为b，请分析回答：

若Ⅲ8与Ⅲ10结婚，生育子女中只患白化病或色盲一种遗传病的概率是（）；同时患两种遗传病的概率是（）