工程项目开工前，总监理工程师应审查承包单位现场项目管理机构的质量管理体系、技术管理体

数据库系统其内部分为3级模式，即概念模式、内模式和外模式。其中，______是用户的数据视图，也就是用户所见到的数据模式。

患者男性，56岁。乏力，纳差，黄疸一月，伴恶心呕吐，吐出胃内容，尿色加深，大便次数增加2~3次/天，稀烂，无粘液、体检：T：37.4℃，BP：140/85mmHg，P：84次/分，R：20次/分。右上腹可触及一包块，较软，随呼吸上下活动，无压痛，肝肋下3厘米，质尚软，脾未触及。肝功能黄疸指数22U，SGPT195u。在当地医院行护肝、抗炎、利胆等治疗，SGPT降至55u，黄疸指数仍持续上升，转来诊治。

为了鉴别本病例黄疸性质，需进行哪些检查？（）

A.空腹血糖，糖耐量试验

B.尿三胆及尿糖

C.抗-甲肝抗体

D.乙肝标志物检查

E.6-磷酸葡萄糖醛酸酶

F.碱性磷酸酶，r转肽酶，转氨酶

某岩石天然状态下的抗压强度为80MPa，饱水状态下的抗压强度为70MPa，干燥状态下的抗压强度为100MPa，该岩石的软化系数为( )。

A．0.50

B．0.70

C．0.80

D．0.88

Passage One

Discussion of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans in the United States has focused on two factors: social standing and the loss of national culture. In general, excessive stress is placed on one factor or the other, depending on whether fine commentator is North American or Puerto Rica. Many American social scientists, such as Oscar Handlin, Joseph Fitzpatrick, and Oscar Lewis, consider Puerto Ricans as the most recent in a long line of ethnic entrants to occupy the lowest rung on the social ladder. Such a "socio-demographic" approach tends to regard assimilation as a benign process, taking for granted increased economic advantage and inevitable cultural integration, in a supposedly egalitarian context. However, this approach fails to take into account the colonial nature of the Puerto Rican case, with this group, unlike their European predecessors, coming from a nation politically subordinated to the United States. Even the "radical" critiques of this mainstream research model, such as the critique developed in Divided Society, attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility, and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.

In contrasts, the "Colonialist" approach of island-based writers such as Eduardo Seda-Bonilla, Manuel Maldonado-Denis, and Lius Nieves-Falcon tends to view assimilation as the forced loss of national culture in an unequal contest with imposed foreign values. There is, of course, a p tradition of culture accommodation among other Puerto Rican thinkers. The writings of Eugenio Fernandez Mendez clearly exemplify this tradition, and many supporters of Puerto Rico’s commonwealth status share the same universalizing orientation. But the Puerto Rican intellectuals who have written most about the assimilation process in the United States all advance cultural nationalist views, advocating the preservation of minority cultural distinctions and rejecting what they see as the subjugation of colonial nationalities.

This cultural and political emphasis is appropriate, but the colonialist thinkers misdirect it, overlooking the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North American history. They pose the clash of national cultures as an absolute polarity, with each culture understood as static and undifferentiated. Yet both the Puerto Rican and North American traditions have been subject to constant challenge from cultural forces within their own societies; forces that may move toward each other in ways that cannot be written off as mere "assimilation". Consider, for example, the indigenous and Afro-Caribbean traditions in Puerto Rican’ culture and how they influence and are influenced by other Caribbean cultures and Black cultures in the United States. The elements of Coercion and inequality, so central to cultural contact according to the colonialist framework, play no role in this kind of convergence of racially and ethnically different elements of the same class.

The "colonialist" approach is so Called because its practitioners （）.

A．support Puerto Rico’s commonwealth status

B．have a p tradition of culture accommodation

C．emphasize the class relations at work in both Puerto Rican and North American history

D．regard the political relation of Puerto Rico to the United States as a significant factor in the experience of Puerto Ricans

在房地产纠纷的解决方式中，仲裁区别于诉讼及行政处理的根本特征是( )

A．及时

B．公正

C．自愿

D．经济