用一个平底锅煎鱼，每次只能煎2条，煎一条需要4分钟（正反面各需2分钟），如果要煎

某受拉木构件由两段矩形截面干燥的油松TC13A木材连接而成，顺纹受力，接头采用螺栓木夹板连接，夹板木材与主杆件相同，连接节点处的构造如图8-31-1所示。该构件处于室内正常环境，安全等级为二级，设计使用年限为50年；螺栓采用4.6级普通螺栓，其排列方式为两纵行齐列；螺栓纵向中距为9d，端距为7d。

当构件接头部位连接强度足够时，试问该杆件的轴心受拉承载力(kN)，与下列何项数值最为接近？（）

A．222

B．122

C．204

D．163

(1)(4分)下列说法中正确的是        

A．X射线穿透物质的本领比γ射线更强

B．红光由空气进入水中，波长变长、颜色不变

C．狭义相对论认为物体的质量与其运动状态有关

D．观察者相对于频率一定的声源运动时，接受到声波的频率可能发生变化

(2)(4分)图示实线是简谐横波在t₁=0时刻的波形图象，虚线是t₂=0.2s时刻的波形图象，试回答：若波沿x 轴正方向传播，则它的最大周期为     s；若波的传播速度为55m/s，则波的传播方向是沿x轴     方向(填“正”或“负”)。

(3)(4分)一束光由空气射入某种介质中，当入射光线与界面间的夹角为30°时，折射光线与反射光线恰好垂直，这种介质的折射率为       ，已知光在真空中传播的速度为c=3×10⁸m/s，这束光在此介质中传播的速度为      m/s。

空气中含量最多的气体是（填化学式，下同）______________；能用作吸附剂的是__________；点燃时只生成能使能使澄清石灰水变学浑浊的气体是___________，从环保角度考虑，最理想的燃料是____________。写出两种你知道的新能源_____________，____________（写名称）。

髓型颈椎病常见：

A．同侧膝腱反射减弱或消失
B．感觉减退在小腿上外侧及拇趾根部
C．对侧膝腱反射减弱或消失
D．肛门括约肌障碍
E．外踝部及足背外侧感觉减退

In the following article, some sentences or paragraphs have been removed. For questions 1 to 5, choose the

most suitable one from the list AF to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There is ONE which does not fit in

any of the gaps.

     Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors

and generals, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We

do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year?

but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the

highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general.

     1. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight? so do savages? hence to

be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized.

     2. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some

way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side,

and then saying that that side which has killed most has won.

     3. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two

greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed. And while today it is true that people do not

fight and kill each other in the streets, nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like

savages. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of

view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old.

     4. These figures are difficult to grasp? so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past

of living creatures on the earth as one hundred years? then the whole past of man works out at about one

month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours.

     5. Taking man' civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred

thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect

too much. The past of 8 man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing.

We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will

sometimes have done something else.

     [A] Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently-

this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done-is not being civilized.

     [B] And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the

greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors.

     [C] We have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly in daily life. However, every year

conflicts between countries and nations are still claiming thousands of lives.

     [D] And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war

means? it means saying that might is right.

     [E] So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better.

     [F] Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and that kind

of creature for about twelve hundred million years? but there have been men for only one million years, and

there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside.

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