承包人需要使用代用材料时，应经工程是由认可后才能使用，由此增加的合同价款应( )。

法制网报道：浙江杭州华夏医院的广告曾编造了这样一个医学界的“神话”：“香港国际类风湿病研究院独创的‘免疫平衡调节微创手术’。治疗类风湿性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎，手术安全可靠、无痛苦，术后无需长期服药。只需一次手术，还您终身健康。”在这则医疗广告的诱导下，38位患者先后到华夏医院接受治疗，不仅原病没治好，还不同程度出现各种症状，有的甚至连生活起居都不能自理。2010年9月，杭州市工商局以“违反《医疗广告管理办法》相关规定”责令医院停止发布广告并处以罚款。2008年3月，浙江省工商局向全省广告媒介单位及工商机关发布《关于禁止发布杭州华夏医院虚假广告的通告》。2010年11月2日，其直接责任人杨文秀和杨国坤被杭州市江干区人民检察院批准逮捕。（12分）

请结合材料回答下列问题

（1）医疗广告含有隐含保证治愈的内容，不仅违反了广告法规定，同时违背了市场运行的什么规则？这样的广告有什么危害性？（4分）

（2）虚假广告反映了市场经济的什么缺陷？（2分）

（3）从国家、经营者和消费者角度，谈谈如何解决市场活动中在虚假广告方面存在的问题？（6分）

偶然误差

A number of scientific studies have suggested that repeatedly heading a football could increase the risk of developing dementia (痴呆症) in later life.

In 2002, former England international footballer Jeff Astle died aged 59. A coroner (验尸官) said that Astle died from a brain disease likely to have been caused by “repeated small damages to the brain” related to heading a heavy leather football.

Dr. Scott Delaney, research director of emergency medicine at McGill University Health Center in Montreal, Canada, has also researched soccer-related head injury and agrees that head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows are the real risk.

In 2007, Delaney carried out a study on footballers aged between 12 and 17 that showed they were half as likely to be concussed (使脑部受到震荡) wearing headgear (帽) than without.

He said youngsters have a higher risk of head injury than adults because their heads are thinner and less able to absorb shock. To make matters worse, their neck muscles aren’t as well developed and they often lack the correct heading technique that can help throw away the force of the ball.

Delaney recommends that children wear headgear when playing football and says his two eldest children wear head protection playing the sport. But he admits that children can be unwilling to be the first to wear head protection—especially when their football heroes play without it.

While headgear can protect footballers from being concussed during a match, no one knows the long-term effects of repeated “sub-concussive” blows to the head.

Delaney says that while there is indirect evidence that a career in soccer can lead to dementia, no one has yet found a sure link between the two. He says proving a link would mean monitoring hundreds of footballers for three or four decades—and that would take a lot of funding.

小题1:Which might be the best title of the passage?

A．Playing football may lead to brain damage.

B．Repeated small damages to the brain.

C．Footballers should wear headgear when playing. .

D．Evidence to dementia.小题2:According to Delaney’s research, what is the most risky injuries to head?

A．Long-term effects of blows.

B．Wearing head protection.

C．Underdeveloped neck muscles.

D．Head-to-head or elbow-to-head blows.小题3: Children are unwilling to wear headgear because they think _____ .

A．headgear is harmful to their heads

B．headgear influences their skills

C．they should follow their idols

D．they mustn’t lead the fashion小题4:It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _____ .

A．Delaney has studied dementia for three or four decades

B．few footballers would like to be studied in the research

C．funding is important in order to carry out the research.

D．no one can find the link between playing football and dementia

一木屋架下弦截面尺寸为140mm×180mm，木料为红松，下弦接头处轴向拉力设计值为95kN，采用双木夹板对称连接，木夹板截面尺寸为80mm×80mm，螺栓直径为

16。试问，下弦接头一端木夹板所需的螺栓数目(个)，与下列何项数值最为接近

A．8
B．10
C．16
D．18

【2】 是按照程序语句行的自然顺序，依次执行语句。