刺激引起兴奋的基本条件是使跨膜电位达到（） A.峰电位 B.阈电位 C.负后电位 D

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

Most American colleges and universities take a spring break. Students might go home to their families -- or spend a week partying on a warm beach with no parents around. That is the popular image, at least.

In the United States, the lawful age to drink alcohol is twenty-one -- one of the highest in the world. Americans debate whether it should be lowered, or whether young drinkers would only drink more. In parts of Europe, the lawful drinking age for beer, and sometimes hard liquor, is sixteen. Yet France may raise the age limit for beer and wine sales to eighteen, the same as for hard liquor there.

Rules on alcohol differ from college to college in the United States. Many schools require all first-year students to take an alcohol prevention and education program, often given online. Some have a “zero tolerance” policy where alcohol is banned from all buildings. Parents are informed of violations and students may be suspended(停学).

At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, permission is needed to serve alcohol at any event on campus. But alcohol is banned in first-year dorms---where most students are under twenty-one anyway.

Susan Davis, a university lawyer, says campus police and local police report underage drinking violations(违反)to the committee that decides punishments on a case by case basis. For example, the committee might suspend or expel(开除)a student. It might require an alcohol education program. Or it might just give a warning.

Jon Zug is a lawyer in Albemarle County, where the university is located. He says international students would face the same punishment as American citizens for underage drinking in Virginia. That includes a punishment of five hundred dollars or fifty hours of community service. But first law-breakers might be given a chance to complete an alcohol education program instead.

Schools have to report unlawful violations by international students to the Department of Homeland Security. International adviser Richard Tanson at the University of Virginia says even minor violations stay on a student’s permanent immigration record. He says international students should know that this can affect them in the future if they try to re-enter the United States.

1. What does the underlined phrase “by case basis” mean?

A. Depending on the seriousness of the case itself.

B. According to the report of the campus and local police.

C. Depending on the judgment of the committee.

D. According to the former cases in store.

2. To international students, which of the following may be intolerable once they have drinking violations?

A. A punishment of $500 or 50 hours of community service.

B. Being given a warning of being suspended or expelled.

C. Having the violations kept on their permanent immigration record.

D. Receiving an alcohol education program.

3. The passage probably appears in_________.

A. an advertisement                                              B. a local newspaper  

C. a university guide book                                        D. a popular magazine

4. The passage mainly talks about_________.

A. alcohol problems on the U.S. campus    

B. alcohol policy on U.S. campus

C. U.S. universities---zero tolerance to alcohol

D. the punishment to the university alcohol drinkers

2012年12月10日，甲公司董事会批准了一项股份支付协议。协议规定，2013年1月1日，公司为其200名中层以上管理人员每人授予100份现金股票增值权，条件是这些人员必须为公司连续服务3年，才可白2015年12月31日起根据股价的增长幅度行权获得现金。2013年、2014年、2015年末股票增值权的公允价值分别为每股15元、16元和18元。2013年有18名管理人员离开，预计2014年和2015年还将有15名管理人员离开；2014年实际有8名管理人员离开，预计2015年还将有9名管理人员离开。则甲公司在2014年12月31日应确认的应付职工薪酬为（）元。

A.83-500

B.92500

C.84000

D.176000

铁口浅原因

翼内肌的起始处称为( )

A．颞窝
B．颞下窝
C．翼腭窝
D．翼突窝
E．尖牙窝

对外电线路防护的基本措施是（）。

A.保证安全操作距离

B.架设安全防护设施

C.设定警戒区域

D.悬挂警告标志牌

E.施工人员主观防范