试题与答案

如图是一种标有“1.5V 0.15A”字样的小灯泡,请通过计算回答(不考虑小灯泡

题型:计算题

题目:

如图是一种标有“1.5V 0.15A”字样的小灯泡,请通过计算回答(不考虑小灯泡发光时温度对灯丝电阻的影响):

(1)这种小灯泡正常工作时的灯丝电阻多大?

(2)把它接到电压为2V的蓄电池上,灯丝中的电流多大?

(3)把它接到电压为2V的蓄电池上,它的实际电功率多大?

(4)如果这种小灯泡突然烧坏,在开关闭合的状态下有时用手指盖弹击几下,它就会重新亮起来,并且比烧坏前还要亮.请你对这一现象做出解释.

答案:

(1)10Ω(2)2A(3)0.4W(4)灯泡烧坏后,在开关闭合的状态下有时用手指盖弹击几下,会使灯丝重新搭在一起,形成通路,它就会重新亮起来,但这时灯丝的长度变短,阻值变小,由P=可知,在电源电压不变的情况下,灯泡的实际功率变大,亮度变亮

解:(1)由题意“1.5V 0.15A”知:额定电压是1.5V,额定功率是0.15W.

∴灯泡的电阻是:R===10Ω.

答:小灯泡正常工作时的灯丝电阻是10Ω.

(2)把它接到电压为2V的蓄电池上时,

I===0.2A.

答:灯丝中的电流为2A.

(3)P=I2R=(0.2A)2×10Ω=0.4W;

答:灯泡的实际功率是0.4W.

(4)灯泡烧坏后,在开关闭合的状态下有时用手指盖弹击几下,会使灯丝重新搭在一起,形成通路,它就会重新亮起来,但这时灯丝的长度变短,阻值变小,由P=可知,在电源电压不变的情况下,灯泡的实际功率变大,亮度变亮.

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