患者女，55岁，因“左耳听力减退2年，间断头晕、头痛3个月”来诊。2年前发现左耳听力

肝硬化患者出现下列情况，除哪项外均应怀疑癌变

A．短期出现肝脏迅速增大

B．持续性肝区疼痛

C．无其他原因可解释的发热

D．虽经积极治疗而病情迅速恶化

E．腹水由漏出液转为渗出液

冲击危险区设备、物料码放高度不应超过2米；各类管路吊挂高度不应高于1米。

BAANIV是专为满足如离散型工业、流程型工业、项目型工业等重点行业市场的需求而设计的。

Effective communication is essential for all organisations. It links the activities of the various parts of the organisation and ensures that everyone is working towards a Common goal. It is also extremely important for motivating employees. Staff need to know how they are getting on, what they are doing right and in which areas they could improve. Working alone can be extremely difficult and it is much easier if someone takes an interest and provides support. Employees need to understand why their job is important and how it contributes to the overall success of the firm. Personal communication should also include target setting. People usually respond well to goals, provided these are agreed between the manager and subordinate and not imposed.

However, firms often have communications problems that can undermine their performance. In many cases, these problems occur because messages are passed on in an inappropriate way. There are of course, several ways of conveying information to others in the organisation. These include speaking to them directly, e-mailing, telephoning or sending a memo. The most appropriate method depends on what exactly it is you are communicating. For example, anything that is particularly sensitive or confidential, such as an employee’s appraisal, should be done face-to-face.

One of the main problems for senior executives is that they do not have the time or resources needed to communicate effectively. In large companies, for example, it is impossible for senior managers to meet and discuss progress with each employee individually. Obviously this task can be delegated but at the cost of creating a gap between senior management and staff. As a result, managers are often forced to use other methods of communication. Like memos or notes, even if they know these are not necessarily the most suitable means of passing on messages.

The use of technology, such as e-mail, mobile phones and network system, is speeding up communication immensely. However, this does not mean that more investment in technology automatically proves beneficial, systems can become outdated or employees may lack appropriate training. There are many communications tools now available but a firm cannot afford all of them. Even if it could, it does not actually need them all. The potential gains must be weighed up against the costs, and firms should realise that more communication does not necessarily mean better communication.

As the number of people involved in an organisation increase, the use of written communication rises even faster. Instead of a quick conversation to sort something out numerous messages can be passed backwards and forwards. This can lead to a tremendous amount of paperwork and is often less effective than face to face communication. When you are actually talking to someone you can discuss things until you are happy they have understood and feedback is immediate. With written messages, however, you are never quite sure how it will be received. What you think you have said and what the other person thinks you have said can be very different.

The amount of written information generated in large organisations today can lead to communication overload. So much information is gathered that it gets in the-way of making decisions. Take a look at the average manager’s desk and you will see the problem—it is often covered in letters, reports and memos. This overload can lead to inefficiencies. For example, managers may not be able to find the information they want when they need it. Communication is also becoming more difficult with the changes occurring in employment patterns. With more people working part-time and working from home, managing communication is becoming increasingly complex.

According to the writer, a problem with written communication is that（）

A. the message can be interpreted differently to what was intended

B. it can be easy for people to ignore the contents of a written message

C. most people are more comfortable with face-to-face communication

D. it is possible for correspondence to get lost within a large organisation

患儿男，生后2天，出生体重为2400g。因吸入性肺炎入院，入院时患儿呼吸急促，口唇稍发绀。即置于辐射保暖床上抢救。

该患儿吸氧的流量应选择每分钟为（）

A.1L

B.2L

C.3L

D.4L

E.5L