一定的( )是确保建设项目负责人承担相应责任的基本条件，也是建设项目管理成功的前提

当标准节立管厚度减少到出厂厚度的（）应报废或降级使用

A．25%

B．20%

C．15%

D．10%

– How do you learn English, Tony?

– I usually practice English ________ chatting with my American friends.

A．in

B．with

C．on

D．by

病历摘要：患者，男，40岁，一周前突发左侧眼睑闭合不全，左侧口角下垂。不伴耳鸣，听力下降，不伴耳痛，不伴眩晕。既往无糖尿病，高血压等慢性病病史。就诊时检查：左侧额纹消失，抬眉不能。眼睑用力闭合时上下眼睑无法接触，间距约3mm。左侧鼻唇沟消失，左侧口角下垂。鼓腮时漏气。鼓膜稍混浊，无穿孔。

面神经肿瘤切除以后，需要进行移植，临床上一般采用以下哪些材料进行移植：（）

A.膈神经

B.耳大神经

C.腓肠神经

D.副神经

E.锁骨上神经

F.枕小神经

G.尺神经

H.挠神经

阅读理解。

     Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value . The concept

dates back to1623,when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. IP rights protect

an artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example. if somebody 

generates an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to

represent the idea or develop it further, he/she  must consult the original artists,

    who will normally be rewarded   financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights

were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing ,

but today, intellectual property rights are also enjoyedby those who create music, art and literature.

     In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a

technology which looks set to weaken them altogether: the Internet. Many years ago, if you

wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store;if a novel,from a

bookstore. In those days,IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain

intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs,films,books

and artwork,can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now

taken the world by storm,dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.

1. According to the writer, in the beginning, IP rights were mainly of use to_______.

A. those creating music, art and literature

B. novelists

C. engineers and inventors

D. those not receiving financial reward for their work

2. What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?

A. It makes IP rights harder to protect.

B. It sells songs and films.

C. It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.

D. It prevents the production of artwork.   

3. According to Paragraph 2,what has "taken the world by storm"?

A. Intellectual property rights.

B. The Internet.

C. Free downloading.

D. The large number of songs, films and books.   

4. A possible title for this passage could be_______.

A. A History of IP Rights

B. Ways to Protect Your IP Rights

C. The Present and the Future of IP

D.IP Rights and Our Attitudes

档案作为一门科学，是一种（），通过对它的管理和利用，就可以转化为直接生产力，为社会创造财富。

A、社会财富

B、资源

C、潜在的生产力

D、真实记录