念珠菌感染 （） A.黄色脓性痰 B.黄绿色或翠绿色痰 C.微黄奶酪样痰 D.痰粘

(46) It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.
"That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. (47) However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.
The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain ages; in essence, they have more brain tissue to spare.
(48) Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women aged 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrink age of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.
"Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People lose (on average) 2.5 percent per decade starting in adulthood."
There is, however, a "remarkable range "of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain tissue loss throughout adulthood.
In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.
(49) Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage.
Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related to the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters 11 more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.
Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. (50) In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage.

新中国成立后我国人口增长加快的主要原因是(   )

A．人口居住地的自然条件有较大改变

B．经济文化发展、医疗卫生条件明显改善

C．生产力水平超过发达国家

D．经济发展缓慢

在密闭容器中加入等浓度的CO与H₂O，T ℃时发生如下反应：CO(g) + H₂O(g)CO₂ + H₂(g) ΔH< 0 已知CO的浓度变化如图所示。

（1）从0~4 min，该反应的平均速率v（CO）=______mol/（L·min）。该反应的平衡常数为_______。

（2）为了增大CO的转化率，可以采取的措施有_____________。

a．增大反应物中CO的浓度 b．降低反应温度 c．将密闭容器体积压缩至一半 d．加入适宜的催化剂

（3）若不改变反应温度和反应物中CO的起始浓度，使CO的转化率达到90%，则水蒸气的起始浓度至少为_________。

教师享有法律规定的权利，履行法律规定的义务，应当为人师表、忠诚于人民的教育事业。教师应当取得国家规定的教师资格。

材料一：1958年6月21日《人民日报》社论《力争高速度》一文指出：“用最高的速度来发展我国的生产力，实现工业现代化和农业现代化，是总路线的基本精神……速度是路线的灵魂……快，这是多快好省的中心环节。”
材料二：据《中华人民共和国大事纪事本末》一书记载，1958年“大跃进时提出的实现农业增产的主要技术措施是深翻改土，高度密植。”
材料三：《共和国重大事件纪实——艰难探索》一文指出：以钢为纲的“大跃进”造成国民经济比例严重失调，其中重工业畸形发展，1957～1960年工业产值增长2.3倍，而农业产值下降22.8%……到1960年，粮棉的产量跌落到1951年的水平。
材料四：2002年1月7日，中央农村工作会议指出：当前和今后一个时期，要坚定不移地推进农业和农村结构战略性调整，提高农业整体素质和效益，促进农民收入持续稳定增长。
请回答：
(1)材料一的总路线是在什么样的历史条件下产生的
(2)中共八大坚持的经济建设指导方针是什么材料一提出的建设方针与其相比有何不同材料三所述“大跃进”的结果说明了什么道理
(3)按照材料二提出的主要技术措施能否实现农业增产试从自然条件对农业生产的影响加以说明。
(4)以下两个问题，任选其一回答。
①应如何推进农业和农村经济结构调整
②怎样才能保证农民收入持续稳定增长