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“十一五”期间农业部计划在全国建设10000个资源良性循环的生态新村。农村沼气的

题型:读图填空题

题目:

“十一五”期间农业部计划在全国建设10000个资源良性循环的生态新村。农村沼气的综合利用将是其中重点发展的内容,沼气综合利用指人畜粪便经沼气池发酵后,所产生的沼气、沼液、沼渣作为下一级生产活动的原料、肥料、饲料、添加剂和能源能进行再利用。以下是一组沼气生态农业的问题。

(1)沼气是有机物质在厌氧环境中,通过微生物发酵作用,产生的一种可燃性气体,其主要成分是甲烷。有机物变成沼气的过程主要分为两道工序:首先是分解细菌将粪便、秸秆中的复杂有机物分解成简单有机物和CO2,再在甲烷菌的作用下将简单的有机物及CO2氧化或还原成甲烷,甲烷菌也从中获得能量而生长。由此可见,分解细菌和甲烷菌的同化作用类型分别为_____和_____;甲烷菌在生态系统中的成分属于_____。

(2)沼气发酵菌种在8℃~60℃范围内都能发酵产气,并且温度越高,发酵越活跃。这是因为____。

(3)甲烷菌主要以____方式进行繁殖。其变异的主要来源是____,控制甲烷菌主要遗传性状的基因位于____,其性状遗传是否遵循孟德尔的遗传规律?________。为什么?____。

(4)上图是某地农民以沼气为纽带建立的农业生态系统。

①.该生态工程主要运用了哪些基本原理?_________。

②.通过实践证明,这种生态系统较为理想,不仅有很好的生态效益,而且也为农民增加了经济效益,其原因是充分利用了________中的能量。建立这种生态系统的目的就是为了________。

③.动物粪便中的臭味主要来自氨,在沼气池中经________作用,可以形成_______被植物吸收利用。

答案:

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