试题与答案

请据如图回答下列问题: (1)甲是______(植物或动物)细胞. (2)切番茄

题型:填空题

题目:

请据如图回答下列问题:

(1)甲是______(植物或动物)细胞.

(2)切番茄流出的红色汁液主要来自结构[______]______.能够控制这些物质进出细胞的结构是[______]______.

(3)图中的[______]______是植物细胞特有的能量转换器,它将光能转变为______能储存在有机物中.

(4)克隆羊“多莉”的出生与三只母羊有关:甲羊供细胞核,乙羊供去核卵细胞,丙羊是代孕母羊,“多莉”长得最像______羊,说明遗传信息储存在[______]______中,该结构中易被碱性染料染色的是______,它由______和______组成.

答案:

(1)动植物细胞的基本结构是细胞膜、细胞质、细胞核、线粒体.此外,植物细胞还具有细胞壁、液泡、叶绿体等结构.所以,甲是植物细胞,乙是动物细胞.

(2)液泡里面含有细胞液,溶解着多种物质,有酸、甜、苦、辣等多种味道.吃番茄时流出了红色液汁,是破坏了液泡,流出了细胞液;细胞膜的功能是控制物质的进出,使有用的物质不能轻易地渗出细胞,有害的物质不能轻易地进入细胞,所以控制西红柿的汁液进出的结构是细胞膜.

(3)光合作用的能量合成是通过叶绿体完成的.叶绿体中的叶绿素能吸收光能,将光能转变为化学能,储存在它所制造的有机物中;呼吸作用指的是细胞内有机物在氧的参与下被分解成二氧化碳和水,同时释放能量的过程.

(4)细胞核是遗传信息库,是细胞代谢和遗传的控制中心.对生物的遗传具有重要意义.因此在克隆的过程中,谁提供了细胞核,克隆出来的生物就像谁.小羊多莉虽然是由丙羊分娩出来的,但长相却一点也不象丙羊,原因就是因为小羊的细胞核不是有丙羊提供,而是来自于甲羊.而遗传物质位于细胞核内.故应该几乎跟甲羊一模一样;1879年德国生物学家弗莱明把细胞核中的丝状和粒状的物质,用染料染红,观察发现这些物质平时散漫地分布在细胞核中,当细胞分裂时,散漫的染色物体便浓缩,形成一定数目和一定形状的条状物,到分裂完成时,条状物又疏松为散漫状;1888年将这些条状物正式被命名为染色体.因此在分裂的细胞中能被碱性染料染成深色的物质是染色体.染色体的化学组成是DNA和蛋白质.如图所示:

故答案为:(1)植物

(2)④液泡;②细胞膜

(3)⑥叶绿体;化学能

(4)甲;③细胞核;染色体;DNA;蛋白质

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