假期的几天社会实践，让我学会了谦虚、与人为善，懂得了与人交往的重要性……说明 [

（12分）在史学研究中，人们对同一历史事件由于不同的史观，如革命史观、唯物史观、全球史观、欧洲中心史观等等，就会产生不同的认识，关于工业革命起因的研究即为一例。阅读下列材料：

材料一 欧洲不是靠自身的经济力量而兴起的，当然也不能归因于欧洲的理性、制度、创新精神、技术、地理——简言之，种族的特殊性。我们将会看到，欧洲兴起的工业革命……是分沾了亚洲的生产、市场和贸易的好处——简言之，从亚洲在世界经济中的支配地位中谋取好处。欧洲从亚洲的悲伤往上爬，然后暂时站在了亚洲的肩膀上。                                               

——弗兰克《白银资本》

材料二 “生态缓解”这一概念，在波梅兰茨的用法中，指的是英国从新大陆获得大量土地密集的产品（如糖和棉花），从而缓解了英国自身的人口对土地的压力。……因为食品、燃料、纤维和建筑材料这四项必需品均要占用土地来生产，当纺织机械的革命新增加了对于棉花纤维的需求后，必然相应减少了食品、燃料和建筑材料所能占用的土地，从而提高了食品和燃料的价格。当食品和燃料的价格高于工资后，纺织业的技术革新也无法使工业革命持续下去，因为此时更多的土地和人力必须投入到四项必需品的生产中去，可见，孤立的技术革新无法形成持续的工业革命。美洲新大陆提供的“生态缓解”是英国工业革命的关键因素。

——崔之元《生态缓解、奴隶制与英国工业革命》

请回答：

（1）据材料一，指出欧洲经济力量兴起的因素，（2分）“欧洲从亚洲的悲伤往上爬”又是通过什么途径？（2分）

（2）概括材料二中美洲大陆的“生态缓解”为英国工业革命提供的有利条件。（4分）

（3）材料一、二主要体现了哪种史观？（2分）这种史观在认识工业革命的起因上有何特点？（2分）

新批评创造的一种具体的批评方法叫（）

A.解读法

B.细读法

C.研读法

D.速读法

企业的市场营销活动要受到一个国家或地区的整个（）水平的制约。

A、市场人口

B、科学技术

C、经济发展

D、社会文化

Under pressure from animal welfare groups, two national science teachers associations have adopted guidelines that ban classroom experiments harming animals. The National Association of Biology Teachers and the National Science Teachers Association hope to end animal abuse in elementary and secondary schools and, in turn, discourage students from mishandling animals in home experiments and science fair projects.

Animal welfare groups are apparently most concerned with high school students experimenting with animals in extracurricular projects. Barbara Orlans, President of the Scientists’ Center for Animal Welfare, said that students have been performing surgery at random, testing known poisonous substances, and running other pathology experiments on animals without even knowing normal physiology.At one science fair, a student cut off the leg and tail of a lizard to demonstrate that only the tail can regenerate, she said. In another case, a student bound sparrows, starved them and observed their behavior.

"The amount of abuse has been quite horrifying," Orlans said.Administrators of major science fairs are short-tempered over the teachers’ policy change and the impression it has created. "The teachers were sold a bill of goods by Barbara Ortans," said Thurman Grafton, who heads the rules committee for the International Science and Engineering Fair. "Backyard tabletop surgery is just nonsense. The new policies throw cold water on students’ inquisitiveness," he said.

Grafton said he wouldn’t deny that there hasn’t been animal abuse among projects at the international fair, but he added that judges reject contestants who have unnecessarily injured animals. The judges have a hard time monitoring local and regional fairs that may or may not choose to comply with the international fair’s rules that stress proper care of animals, Grafton said.

He said that several years ago, the Westinghouse Science Talent Search banned harmful experiments to animals when sponsors threatened to cancel their support after animal welfare groups lobbied for change.

The teachers adopted the new policies also to fend off proposed legislation--in states including Missouri and New York--that would restrict or prohibit experiments on animals.

Officials of the two teachers organizations say that they don’t know how many animals have been abused in the classroom. On the one hand, many biology teachers are not trained in the proper care of animals, said Wayne Moyer, executive director of the biology teachers’ association. On the other, the use of animals in experiments has dropped in recent years because of school budget cuts. The association may set up seminars to teach better animal care to its members. (414 words)

Notes: pathology 病理学。lizard 蜥蜴。tabletop 桌面。short-tempered 脾气急躁的。lobby for 游说支持。fend off 躲开。

It is suggested toward the end of the text that（）

A. the seriousness of animal abuse in the classroom is unknown

B. training teachers in animal care may contribute to reducing animal abuse

C. fewer animals have been used in experiments in recent years

D. many biology teachers are not trained in proper care of animal

钠离子交换水处理的缺点是什么？