下列关于生物进化问题的叙述中，正确的是 ①生殖隔离是地理隔离的必然结果 ②不同物

在“观察水的沸腾”实验中：

（1）如图，是小明同学选用温度计测小烧杯中水的初温的操作图．A是操作过程，B是读数过程，C是读取的温度．

①A图中操作的错误是：______；

②B图读数中的错误是：______；

③若操作正确无误，根据C图可知此时烧杯中水实际温度是______℃．

（2）小明在做实验时，发现从开始给水加热到水开始沸腾所用的时间过长，请你帮助他找出可能存在的原因（写出两种即可）．

第一种可能原因：______；

第二种可能原因：______．

（3）小明同学在做完“观察水的沸腾”实验后又进一步研究了沸水自然冷却过程中温度随时间的变化情况，将实验数据记录在下表中：

时间t/min	0	5	10	15	25	35	45	55	65
温度t/℃	100	71	55	45	35	28	24	22	22

请在坐标图中通过描点画出上述温度随时间变化的曲线．

如果有一天你要急于喝一杯奶茶，可以有两种方法供你选择：

①先将滚烫的热茶冷却5min，然后加一匙冷牛奶；

②先将一匙冷牛奶加进滚烫的热茶中，然后冷却5min．

你认为方法______的冷却效果好．

The earth is our home. We must take care of it, for ourselves and for the next generation. This means preserving the .quality of our environment. Consume, consume, consume! Our society is consumer oriented — dangerously so. To keep the wheels of industry turning, we manufacture consumer goods in endless quantities, and in the process, are rapidly exhausting our natural resources. But this is only half the problem. What do we do with manufactured products when they are worn out They must be disposed of, but how and where Unsightly junkyards full of rusting automobiles already surround every city in the nation. Americans throw away 80 billion bottles and cans each year, enough to build more than ten stacks to the moon. There isn’t room for much more waste, and yet the factories grind on. They cannot stop because everyone wants a job. Our standard of living, one of the highest in the world, requires the consumption of manufactured products in ever-increasing amounts. Man, about to be buried in his own waste, is caught in a vicious cycle. It wasn’t always like this. Only 100 years ago, man lived in harmony with nature. There weren’t so many people then and their wants were fewer. Whatever wastes were produced could be absorbed by nature and were soon covered over. Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by man’s lack of foresight and planning, and by his carelessness and greed. For man is slowly poisoning his environment. Pollution is a "dirty" word. To pollute means to contaminate — to spoil something by introducing impurities which make it unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, taste it, drink it, and stumble through it. We literally live in and breathe pollution, and not surprisingly, it is beginning to threaten our health, our happiness, and our civilization. Where is this all to end Are we turning the world into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem Fortunately, solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious. Take the problem of discarded automobiles, for instance. Each year over 40,000 of them are abandoned in New York City alone. Eventually the discards end up in a junkyard. But cars are too bulky to ship as scrap to steel mill. They must first be flattened. This is done in a giant compressor which can reduce a Cadillac to the size of a television set in a matter of minutes. Any leftover scrap metal is mixed with concrete and made into exceptionally p bricks that are used in buildings and bridges. Man’s ingenuity has come to his rescue. What about water pollution More and more cities are building sewage-treatment plants. Instead of being dumped into a nearby river or lake, sewage is sent through a system of underground pipes to a giant tank where the water is separated from the solid material, purified, and returned for reuse to the community water supply. The solid material, called sludge, is converted into fertilizer. The sludge can also be made into bricks.

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in dealing with discarded automobiles

A．( Flattening them to the size of a television set

B．( Building more gigantic junkyards

C．( Shipping them as scrap to a steel mill for new vehicles

D．( Using them as ingredients for bricks

听说养老保险缴费基数又调整了是吗？调整之后最低缴费基数为多少？最高缴费基数为多少？

【说明】
网络应用的基本模型是客户机/服务器模型，这是一个不对称的编程模型，通信的双方扮演不同的角色：客户机和服务器。
以下是一个简单的客户机程序(服务器程序略)，其工作过程非常简单：客户机与服务器建立连接后，接收服务器向客户机返回的一条消息。
程序中用到了两种结构hostent与sockaddr - in：
hostent类型的结构定义如下：
struct hostent char*h_name； //主机的正式名称
char * * h_aliases； //别名列表
int h_addrtype； //主机地址类型：AF_XXX
Int H_length； //主机地址长度：4B(32b)
char * * h_addr_list;//主机IP地址列表
#define h_addr h_addr_list [0]
sockaddr_in类型的结构定义：sockaddr_in是通用套接字结构sockaddr在TCP/IP协议下的结构重定义，为TCP/IP套接字地址结构。
Struct sockaddrin
short int sin_family；//地址类型AF_XXX,其中AF_INET为TCP/IP专用
unsigned short int sin_port； //端口号
struct in_addr sin_addr；//Internet地址
//端口号以及Internet地址使用的是网络字节顺序，需要通过函数htons转换

struct iN_addr
_u32s_addr； //类型为unsignel_long

程序中使用到了多个函数：
struct hostent * gethostbyname(const char*hostname)；
函数gethostbyname查询与指定的域名地址对应的IP地址，返回一个hostent结构的指针，如果不成功则返回NULL。
int_socket(int domain，int_type，int protocol)；
函数socket创建一个套接字描述符，如果失败返回-1。domain为地址类型，type为套接字类型，本题中为SOCK_STRBEAM；protocol指定协议，本题中为0。
int connect(int sockfd,struct sockaddr*servaddr，int addrlen)；
函数connect与服务器建立一个连接，成功返回0，失败返回-1。servaddr为远程服务器的套接字地址，包括服务器的IP地址和端口号；addrlen为地址的长度。
int read(int fd，char * buf,int len)；
int write(int fd，char * buf,int len)；
函数read和write从套接字读和写数据，成功返回数据量大小，否则返回-1。buf指定数据缓冲区，len指定接收或发送的数据量大小。
【Socket程序】
//程序中引用的头文件略
#define PORT 3490
//定义端口号为3490
int main(int argc，char*argv[])
int sockfd，nbytes； //套接字描述符、读入缓冲区的字节数
char buf [1024]； //缓冲区
struct hostent * he； //主机信息类型
struct sockaddr_in srvaddr； //Internet套接字结构
if( (1) )
perror(“调用参数为零，请输入服务器的主机名!\n”)； exit(1)；
if( (2) ) //如果通过主机名没有获得对应的主机信息就提示用户
perror(“无法通过主机名获得主机信息!\n”)； exit(1)；
if( (3) ) //在无法创建套接字时，提示用户
perror(“无法创建套按字!\n”)； exit(1)；
bzero(&srvaddr，sizeof(srvaddr))； //置空srvaddr
srvaddr, sin_family=AF_INET；
srvaddr, sin_port： (4) ；srvaddr.sin_addr： (5) ；
//设置套接字结构的各项信息，其中的地址来自域名查询后的hp变量
if(connect(sockfd， (n) ，sizeof(struct sockaddr))==-1)
perror(“连接失败!\n”)； exit(1)；
//连接服务器，如果失败则提示用户
if((nbytes=read(sockfd，buf，MAXDATASIZE))==-1)
perror(“读失败!\n”)；exit(1)；
//从套容接字中读出数据
buf [nbytes]=’\0’；
printf(“读到的内容：%s”，buf)；
close(sockfd)；
//打印数据并关闭套接字

下列关于在使用交换机的交换网络中进行嗅探技术的说法错误的是（）。

A.如果交换机配置了端口和MAC地址映射，则无法通过简单将网卡设为混杂模式来实现嗅探

B.如果交换机配置了端口和MAC地址映射，可以通过将MAC地址设置为局域网内其它主机的MAC来实现对相应主机的数据包的嗅探

C.如果交换机配置了端口和MAC地址映射，可以通过ARP欺骗来实现对局域网内其它主机的数据包进行嗅探

D.如果交换机配置了端口和MAC地址映射，可以通过将IP伪装成其它主机的IP来实现对局域网内其它主机的数据包进行嗅探