试题与答案

Radioactive(放射性的) pollution can be said

题型:完形填空

题目:

Radioactive(放射性的) pollution can be said to be the emission(排放) of radioactive substance into air, water or land due to human activities in the form of radioactive waste. Radioactive waste is usually the product of nuclear fission(核裂变), which is widely used in nuclear power stations and nuclear weapons.
The radioactivity of nuclear waste decreases with time. That means the waste needs to be separated from the reach of living beings until it no longer causes a threat to living beings. This time period may take from days to months and to years depending upon the radioactive nature of the waste.
Radioactive pollution that is spread through the earth’s atmosphere is called ‘fallout’. Nuclear pollution began to attract people’s attention during the World War II period when the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union started conducing nuclear tests. The best example of fallout is the nuclear bomb attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan in 1945 by the United States of America during World War II. As a result of the bomb attack, nearly 225,000 people died within 5 years of the attack due to the radiation effects and cancer.
In land and water, the major source of radioactive pollution remains with the nuclear fuel cycle(核燃料循环). The nuclear fuel cycle is used in nuclear power stations and extraction(提炼) of materials from nuclear substance, where the pollutants are left behind after the useful material has been extracted.
The effects of radioactive pollution were first reported in the early 20th century when people working in uranium mines(铀矿井) suffered from skin burn and cancer. The effects vary from one individual to another. Exposed to radioactive radiations for a long time, living beings may suffer from the damage to the DNA cells, which results in cancer, genetic defects for the generations to come and even death.
In a word, since every coin has its two sides, it’s a good idea to prevent from its disadvantages while making full use of its advantages.
 Title
          Radioactive Pollution and Its Effects
小题1:    of radioactive pollution
* It is the emission of radioactive substance.
* Its waste is the product of nuclear fission.
The decrease of the radioactivity
* It decreases as time 小题2:        by.
* The waste needs to be 小题3:        from living beings until it no longer does 小题4:        to living beings.
* The time period of the decrease小题5:        on the radioactive nature of the waste.
The 小题6:    of radioactive pollution
* In 1945, the nuclear bomb attack caused 225,000 小题7:       .
* In the early 20th, the miners suffered from skin burn and cancer and the effects are 小题8:       .
* A long 小题9:      to radioactive radiations can damage the DNA cells.
Conclusion
* We should小题10:     its disadvantages and make full use of its advantages.
 

答案:

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参考答案:A, B, C

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题型:阅读理解与欣赏

“沙漠明珠”珠光渐暗

       ①和莫高窟同称为敦煌两大奇观的月牙泉有“沙漠明珠”之称,但由于干旱缺水和人为因素的影响,月牙泉水位在不断下降,这颗“明珠”珠光渐暗,甚至有消失的危险。

       ②敦煌市鸣沙山月牙泉管理处提供的水文实测资料表明,1960年月牙泉水域面积为22.3亩,最大水深为7.5米;1986年水域面积为13.3亩,最大水深1.2米;目前水域面积只有9亩,最大水深仅1米左右。

       ③兰州大学资源环境学院教授张明泉23日举行的干旱气候变化与可持续发展国际学术研讨会上说,月牙泉是敦煌区域地下水在地面的自然露头,是整个地下水系统的一个组成部分,月牙泉接受着区域地下水的补给。然而,由于人类活动等原因,敦煌地下水位不断下降,月牙泉水位也随之下降。

       ④地处中国西北的敦煌曾长期依靠疏勒河、党河等河流的上游来水补给地下水,上世纪50年代以来,随着上游水库的修建,这些河流相继出现断流,敦煌地下水失去了补给来源。随着经济的发展,敦煌需水量在不断增加,目前全市每年要抽取4000多万方地下水,造成地下水超采严重。 

       ⑤为了保住月牙泉,现在每年需要回灌500余万立方米的河水。尽管如此,根据测量表明,水位每年还在以15厘米左右的速度下降。

       ⑥专家认为,从长远来说,严格控制地下水开采,使敦煌地下水位得到回升,是解决月牙泉水位下降问题的根本途径,同时,有关部门还应考虑进行跨流域调水,以进一步缓解敦煌水源短缺的局面。

       ⑦月牙泉位于敦煌市区以南约5公里处,四面被鸣沙山环抱,流沙与泉相隔仅有数十米。这里地处亚洲中部的大沙漠之中,年均降水量在40毫米左右,但蒸发量高达2480多毫米。在这种极端干旱和强烈蒸发的气候条件下,月牙泉却能保持数千年不干涸,这更增添了她的神奇。

1.对本文的标题,你是如何理解的?

                                                                                    

2.第①段中提到的“人为因素”,从全文看,主要表现在哪两个方面?

                                                                                    

3.第⑦段中“约5公里”、“数十米”、“40毫米左右”、“2480多毫米”说明本文语言有什么特点?

                                                                                    

4.月牙泉身处沙漠而能数千年不干涸的根本原因是什么?

                                                                                    

5.用一句话概括出本文给我们的关键信息。

                                                                                     

6.根据你的感受,说说文中第②段的表达作用。

                                                                                     

7.如果请你结合第②段中的画线句在第⑤段的段末补写一句话,你写的内容是:

                                                                                      

8.月牙泉身处沙漠而能数千年不干涸,请根据本文内容阐释其原因。

                                                                                    

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