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阅读下文,完成问题。 鸿雁在中国古代诗词中的审美意蕴 在中国古代诗词中,鸿雁作

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

阅读下文,完成问题。

鸿雁在中国古代诗词中的审美意蕴

  在中国古代诗词中,鸿雁作为审美对象,具有丰富的美学意蕴。

  鸿雁是随阳之鸟,它虽然在季节和环境的渲染下带有“秋”的意象,但它与蟋蟀、鸣蝉等秋虫之美仍有所不同。听秋虫之浅吟低唱,不免产生物华将尽的寂寥之感,看鸿雁之布阵南征,则令人心胸开阔,精神振奋。“秋色萧条,秋容有红蓼;秋风拂地,万籁也寥寥。惟见宾鸿,冲入在秋空里,任逍遥”,便是对鸿雁这一美学特征的生动把握。

  鸿雁是健飞之鸟,翅膀拍动时频率适中,沉雄有力,不似鹰鹞猛悍桀骜,也不似鹤鹭之轻灵飘忽,而是给人以坚忍强劲的审美感受。在风频雨骤的春日或霜寒月冷的秋夜,当鸿雁结阵翱翔,引吭嘹唳、雄姿勃勃地掠过长空时,人们的这种审美感受就更加明显、强烈。鸿雁迁徙时常汇集成数十只、上百只的大群,在天空中列队飞翔。“蜃楼百尺横沧海,雁字一行书绛霄”;“白犬吠风惊雁起,犹能一一旋成行。”鸿雁这种行序整齐的飞行特征,使中国古代文人们赞叹不已。鸿雁健飞,且性情机警,南征北返时,中途很少停歇,人们能看到竦峙树端的鹰、栖息房梁的燕、兀立江滩的鹤鹭,却很难看到静态的鸿雁。在中国古代诗词歌赋中,鸿雁大都以动态出现,鸿雁翔姿优美,亦刚亦柔,曹植的《洛神赋》中就有“翩若惊鸿,矫若游龙”之语。鸿雁南迁阵容非常壮观,在朔风凛冽、尘沙蔽日的秋冬之际,当一群群大雁雄姿勃勃地掠过长空时,亦能唤起古人雄浑悲壮的审美感受。这种感受对于边塞诗人来说,尤为强烈。“雁来惨淡沙场外,月出苍茫云海间。”借秋空雁阵渲染沙场征战的雄浑悲壮之貌。

  在中国古代诗词中,托物言志与借景抒情是一个有机的统一体,两者不可截然分割,而对“雁”意象群的发掘,即能较好地说明这一问题。在中国古代咏雁诗词中。既有侧重“言志”的诗词,也有侧重抒情的诗词,但数量最多的还是抒情与言志有机结合、互为渗透的诗词。中国美学中的“景中情”与“情中景”互相联系又各具特征。巧于诗者或“景中情”,或“情中景”;神于诗者则情不虚情,景非滞景,情景互生,妙合无垠。这三种审美移情层次在中国古代咏雁诗中均能找到例证。

1.下列对鸿雁习性特征所体现的相应的审美意蕴概括不够恰当的一项是(     )

A.鸿雁身大体重,起飞以及飞行时,翅膀拍动,沉雄有力,给人以美的享受。

B.鸿雁迁徙时行序整齐,符合中国人喜欢整齐划一的审美情趣,能激发人们团结奋进的热忱。

C.鸿雁健飞,且性情机警,迁徙中很少停歇,使人们很容易联想到对光明与温暖的追求。

D.鸿雁飞翔时,常汇集数十只、上百只,其阵容相当壮观,容易引起人们无限的遐想。

2.下列古代咏雁诗(词),属于“抒情与言志有机结合、互为渗透”的一项是(     )

A.列序横空,身世在云中,舞影动西风。云淡淡,月蒙蒙,身点破苍穹。

B.“鸿志不汝较,奋翼起高飞”,“但当养羽翮,鸿举必有期”。

C.“洞庭波起兮鸿雁翔,风瑟瑟兮野苍苍”,“雁飞高兮远难寻,空断肠兮思情懵”。

D.塞下秋来风景异,衡阳雁去无留意,四面边声连角起。……浊酒一杯家万里,燕然未勒归无计。羌管悠悠霜满地,……

3.根据原文提供的信息,以下说法不正确的一项是(     )

A.在古代文学作品中,秋虫的审美基调一般表现为凄清低婉,鸿雁的审美基调则主要表现为辽阔高远。

B.中国古代对联常以“飞鸿”对“奔马”、“冥鸿”对“隐豹”、“摩天鸿”对“闹海蛟”,主要体现了古人的“亦刚亦柔”“雄浑悲壮”的审美感受。

C.鸿雁列队飞翔时,“人”字形与“一”字形之间不断更替,动荡中呈现出鲜明的回旋往复之美。

D.情景互生,物我难辨,天人合一的艺术境界是中国古代诗词创作的最高美学境界,古人的咏雁诗不乏其例。

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(1)5.4x+2.6x=840, 8x=840, 8x÷8=840÷8, x=105;(2)56x=30,56x×65=30×65, x=36;(3)8x-13=19, 8x-13+13=19+13, 8x÷8=49÷8, ...

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