对食品生产经营人员的卫生要求，正确的是（） A.新参加工作和临时参加工作的食品生产经

（2008）在下列条件变化下，能够直接增加房地产需求的是（）。

A.房地产市场供应量增加

B.消费者收入提高

C.房地产投资偏好程度减弱

D.预期房地产价格下降

     People have often wondered about Margaret Thatcher's famous claim that she only needed four

hours of sleep a night. People were amazed that former British Prime Minister had managed to run the

country on so little sleep. Most people need at least seven or eight hours rest every night.

     But now scientists have discovered a gene(基因)that affects the amount of sleep we need and which

allows some people to survive on fewer hours. They found a mother and a daughter who have a rare

gene that allows them to sleep less than the rest of their family -but still feel alert during the day. The pair

managed to stay alert on about six hours sleep a night, two hours less than the rest of their family needs.

     The finding, published in Science magazine, offers a new direction for studies on how sleep affects

health. Experts say adults need seven to nine hours of sleep for good health, while teenagers and kids

need more. People who don’t get enough sleep are more likely to get sick and suffer from memory loss.

     In 2001,scientists at the University of California discovered a mutation(突变)in a gene that causes

people with that gene to have very unusual sleeping patterns. These people go to bed around 7:30 pm

and wake around 3:30 am.

     Now the team has found a gene that affects how long a person can stay asleep. In the family they

studied, the 69-year-old mother and her 44-year-old daughter usually went to bed around 10 pm. The

mother woke up around 4 am, and her daughter woke up around 4:30 am. Both of them felt fully rested.

     Blood tests showed the women have a mutation in a gene named DEC2, which regulates the body's

clock.

     Researcher Ying-Hui Fu bred(培育) mice and fruit flies to carry the mutation. The flies and mice with

the mutation slept less than ordinary flies and mice, and needed less time to recover from little sleep.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Less sleep does not affect people's health.

B. Different people have different sleeping patterns.

C. New measures can reduce the effect of less sleep on health.

D. The hours we need to sleep may be affected by some gene in our body.

2. The underlined word "alert" in Paragraph 4 is similar in meaning to        .

A. comfortable

B. wide awake

C. quite alive

D. sleepy

3. In the study, the mother and the daughter       .

A. were found to have a mutation in the gene DEC2

B. were asked to sleep less than other family members

C. had the same sleeping pattern as other family members

D. suffered from memory loss for sleeping only six hours a night

4. According to the passage, the new finding can help       .

A. recover memory loss

B. cure sleeping problems

C. get rid of mice and fruit flies more easily

D. explain why some people need less sleep to feel fully rested

（15分）【近代社会的民主思想与实践】

材料一 我梦想有一天，这个国家会站立起来，真正实现其信条的真谛：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的；人人生而平等。”我梦想有一天，在佐治亚的红山上，昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起，共叙兄弟情谊。我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州这个正义匿迹，压迫成风，如同沙漠般的地方，也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色，而是以他们的品格优劣来评判他们的国度里生活。……我梦想有一天，阿拉巴马州能够有所转变，尽管该州州长现在仍然满口异议，反对联邦法令，但有着一日，那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能够与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉，携手并进。                              

——（美）马丁•路德•金《我有一个梦想》

材料二 在我获得释放的今天，我要向千百万同胞，向全球各地为我的获释作出过不懈斗争的同胞，致以亲切的和最热烈的感谢。……我们在1960年诉诸武装斗争，建立了非洲人民国民大会的战斗组织——“民族之矛”，纯属……采取的自卫行动。过去那些要求我们必须进行武装斗争的种种因素在今天依然存在，我们别无选择。我们希望尽快出现利于通过谈判解决问题的氛围，这样就可以刀枪入库马放南山了。……我为反对白人统治而斗争，也为反对黑人统治而斗争。我珍视有一个民主和自由社会的理想，在这个社会里，人人和睦相处，机会均等。我为这个理想而活着，并希望实现这个理想。但是如果需要，我也准备为这个理想而死。

——南非黑人民权运动领导人曼德拉的出狱演讲

（1）根据材料一、二并结合所学知识，比较马丁•路德•金与曼德拉领导民权运动时在目标、方式方面的主要不同点。（9分）

（2）根据材料一、二并结合所学知识，分析两位民权运动领袖坚持反对种族歧视、争取民主权利的共同原因。（6分）

某金属在一束绿光的照射下，发生了光电效应，则(     　)                             　　　  

A．若增大绿光的照射强度，则单位时间逸出的光电子数增加

B．若增大绿光的照射强度，则逸出的光电子的最大初动能增加

C．若改用较弱的紫外线照射,则不能发生光电效应

D．用绿光或紫光照射时，逸出的光电子的动能有可能相等

材料保管员调离岗位时，应采用( )法进行财产清查。

A．全面清查
B．局部清查
C．定期清查
D．抽样清查