试题与答案

阅读下列材料,回答问题。 材料一 第一条缔约各方以它们各国人民的名义郑重声明它们

题型:材料题

题目:

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 第一条缔约各方以它们各国人民的名义郑重声明它们斥责用战争来解决国际纠纷,并在它们的相互关系上,废弃战争作为实行国家政策的工具。第二条缔约各方同意它们之间可能发生的一切争端或冲突,不论其性质起因如何,只能用和平方法加以处理或解决。第三条本条约由序言内所列程序加以批准,并于所有它们的批准书均交存华盛顿时,在它们之间立即生效。

——《非战公约》

材料二 东京审判具有哪些法律依据呢?那就是基于正义与和平的原则以及国际公法、条约和惯例,对日本的战犯进行公开审理。《远东国际军事法庭 * * 》第一条规定:“远东国际军事法庭之设立,其目的为公正与迅速审判并惩罚远东之首要战争罪犯。”1945年的《波茨坦公告》规定:“欺骗及错误领导日本人民使其妄图征服世界之威权及势力,必须永久剔除”(第六条),“对于战争人犯,包括虐待吾人俘虏者在内,将处以法律之严厉制裁”(第十条)。除此之外,还有1928年在巴黎签订的《非战公约》,日本也是缔约国。公约明确规定不得把战争当作实施政策的工具。战前的国际社会,已公认发动侵略战争是犯罪。1923年国联曾起草《互助公约》,指出侵略战争是一种国际犯罪;1924年的《和平解决国际争端议定书》也认定侵略战争是国际性犯罪。远东法庭宣布,审判犯有以下三种罪行的日本甲级战犯:即破坏和平罪、普通战争罪和违反人道罪。也就是说,法庭不仅仅以普通的战争罪来处罚日本,而且增加了“侵略罪”和“反人道罪”。这是因为第二次世界大战是人类历史上规模最大和最为残酷的战争,战后审判的目的,不仅是要惩罚战犯,更重要的是要通过审判揭露日本发动侵略战争的罪行,让全人类汲取教训,捍卫世界和平。

——《远东审判六十周年》

(1)根据材料一概括《非战公约》提出的两大原则。

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(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,概述《非战公约》的积极意义。

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答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

9;3.8;12.8

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题型:阅读理解

When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses.This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect.

The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which was named after Catherine Kitty Genovese, a.young woman who was murdered on March 13, 1964.Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work.As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed(刺)by a man later identified as Winston Moseley.Despite Genovese]s repeated cries for help , none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called the police for help .The attach first began at 3:20 , but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted the police.

There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect.First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion(分散)of responsibility.Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present.

The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways.When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate.Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation, is ambiguous^ R^E^?).In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnessing reported that they believed that they were witnessing a " lovers' quarrel" , and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.

小题1:The passage seems to suggest that Genovese might not have been murdered if there had been_____.

A.no observer

B.fewer observers

C.more observers .

D.younger observers小题2:Genovese was murdered                   .

A.while she was going out

B.in her apartment

C.halfway home

D.in front of her apartment ?小题3:The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph probably refers to ____.

A.not doing anything to help

B.behaving in correct ways

C.taking action

D.murdering小题4:We can learn from the passage that Genovese's neighbors didn't lend a hand partly because they ____.

A.were afraid of being attacked by the murderer

B.thought someone else might come to her rescue.

C.didn't get along well with her

D.were sure it was murdering

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