直到1978年以前，中国几乎将所有旅游资源和接待能力集中用于入境旅游，其主要目的是为

设备总监理工程师应当具备的条件包括( )。

A．取得《中华人民共和国注册设备监理师执业资格证书》，并有效注册

B．具有中级技术职称

C．具有法律、经济和组织管理基础理论和设备工程管理经历，业绩突出

D．能够承担项目监理机构及项目监理工作中的重大责任

E．具有良好的思想素质和对事业的奉献精神，政治觉悟高，政治公道，清正廉洁

在区间［1,3］上任取一数,则这个数大于1.5的概率为

A．0.25

B．0.5

C．0.6

D．0.75

按控制方式划分，战略控制可以分为（）。

A.前馈控制

B.反馈控制

C.实时控制

D.直接控制

E.回避控制

根据被测平面的实际情况来确定评定基准的位置，就是要按（）评定。

A.对角线平面

B.最小条件

C.水平面

D.垂直

At some point during their education, biology students are told about a conversation in a pub that took place over 50 years ago. J. B. S. Haldane, a British geneticist, was asked whether he would lay down his life for his country. After doing a quick calculation on the back of a napkin, he said he would do so for two brothers or eight cousins. In other words, he would die to protect the equivalent of his genetic contribution to the next generation.

The theory of kin selection--the idea that animals can pass on their genes by helping their close relatives--is biology’s explanation for seemingly altruistic acts. An individual carrying genes that promote altruism might be expected to die younger than one with "selfish" genes, and thus to have a reduced contribution to the next generation’s genetic pool. But if the same individual acts altruistically to protect its relatives, genes for altruistic behavior might nevertheless propagate.

Acts of apparent altruism to non-relatives can also be explained away, in what has become a cottage industry within biology. An animal might care for the offspring of another that it is unrelated to because it hopes to obtain the same benefits for itself later on (a phenomenon known as reciprocal altruism). The hunter who generously shares his spoils with others may be doing so in order to signal his superior status to females, and ultimately boost his breeding success. These apparently selfless acts are therefore disguised acts of self interest.All of these examples fit economists’ arguments that Homo sapiens is also Homo economicus--maximizing something that economists call utility, and biologists fitness. But there is a residuum of human activity that defies such explanations: people contribute to charities for the homeless, return lost wallets, do voluntary work and tip waiters in restaurants to which they do not plan to return. Both economic rationalism and natural selection offer few explanations for such random acts of kindness. Nor can they easily explain the opposite: spiteful behavior, when someone harms his own interest in order to damage that of another. But people are now trying to find answers.

When a new phenomenon is recognized by science, a name always helps. In a paper in Human Nature, Dr Fehr and his colleagues argue for a behavioral propensity they call "p reciprocity". This name is intended to distinguish it from reciprocal altruism. According to Dr Fehr, a person is a p reciprocator if he is willing to sacrifice resources to be kind to those who are being kind, and to punish those who are being unkind. Significantly, p reciprocators will behave this way even if doing so provides no prospect of material rewards in the future.

The story of J. B. S. Haldane is mentioned in the text（）

A.to honor his unusual altruistic acts

B. to show how he contributed to his offspring

C. to introduce the topic of human altruism

D. to give an episode of his calculation abilities