在生态系统中，下列生物属于分解者的是（ ） A．羊 B．牛 C．蘑菇 D．草

2013年12月4日，工信部向中国移动、联通、电信三大电信运营商发放了4G牌照。这标志着中国4G时代的大幕正式开启。回答问题。

小题1: 4G与3G最大的不同，是4G带宽非常宽，速度非常快，费用非常高。对此，网友纷纷表示：“好用不贵”才应该是先进技术的关键词。网友的心声告诉我们

A．使用价值的大小决定价格的高低

B．使用价值是价值的物质承担者

C．商品是使用价值和价值的统一体

D．科技含量的高低决定价值量大小小题2:4G时代边逛街边下单或将成为年轻一代的主流消费方式。这表明

A．消费带动新的产业的出现和成长

B．生产决定消费

C．产品开发要利用人们的从众心理

D．消费是生产的动力

15岁男性，于半月前突然惊叫一声，倒在地上，双眼上翻，四肢抽搐，面色青紫，历时约5分钟逐渐清醒，醒后未述不适。5年前曾有类似发作一次。1周前脑电图检查为正常。神经系统检查无异常。

1周后又来复诊，述昨日下午及今晨又发作一次，发作情况同前。治疗药物首选为（）

A.安定

B.丙戊酸钠

C.乙琥胺

D.卡马西平

E.西比灵

当社会总需求大于社会总供给时，国家预算应该实行的政策是( )。

A．收入相等的平衡政策

B．全面扩张政策

C．收大于支的结余政策

D．支大于收的赤字政策

In the latest round of credit-card reforms, issuers and retailers are both playing the consumer-friendly angle. Currently lawmakers are debating whether to cut interchange fees, the tab that merchants pay to card issuers each time a customer uses plastic. While retailers claim they would pass the savings on to shoppers in the form of lower prices, card companies argue the legislation will make credit less convenient and more costly--and they may be right.

Merchants have long complained about interchange fees. They say the costs, which amount to roughly 1.6% of every transaction, erode already razor-thin margins. Last year retailers, the main supporters of three bills now working their way through Congress, forked over an estimated $ 48 billion in card fees. "We can’t keep absorbing these fees," Kathy Miller, a grocery store owner in Elmore, Vt. , testified at a congressional hearing in early October.

In their quest to win over lawmakers, retailers maintain consumers won’t get hurt--and may actually benefit. "Our market is extraordinarily competitive," says Mallory B. Duncan, general counsel of the National Retail Federation, a trade group. "If costs go down, that tends to drive down prices. "

That’s not what happened in Australia, though. In 2003 the country’s regulators cut the average interchange fee to around 0.5 % of the total bill, from 1%. But most retailers never dropped their prices, and credit-card issuers jacked up borrowers’ fees to make up for the lost revenue, according to a report by CRA International, a consultancy. After the regulation was passed, the annual fee paid by cardholders rose by 22%, to an average of $ 25.65. Annual fees on rewards cards jumped by as much as 77% since issuers’ profits took a bigger hit. Australian card companies generally levied a higher interchange fee on rewards cards to cover the added cost of the perk--as they do in the U.S.

Analysts worry that retailers and card issuers in the States would respond in much the same way. Already U.S. lenders have been raising rates and tacking on new charges for borrowers following a ban earlier this year from Congress on certain practices, including late-payment penalties. "When the banks have a major source of revenue eliminated, they need to raise [other fees] to make up for that," says David S. Evans, a lecturer at the University of Chicago Law School.Any new rules could make it less convenient for consumers to opt for credit over cash. As part of the proposals, lawmakers are considering whether to let retailers set a minimum payment for purchases with plastic; they now risk paying a hefty fine for doing so. If such changes are made, customers won’t be able to pull out their cards all the time. Merchants may also have the option of rejecting a specific card, like a reward card, if they think the interchange fees are too high. Currently retailers must accept all products under a single brand such as Visa. "Consumers want to be able to use their card for any kind of purchase," says Shawn Miles, MasterCard World wide’s head of global public policy. The legislation is "anti-consumer. "

Such a defense may work A report by the Government Accountability Office, an investigative arm of Congress, due out by Now. 19, is weighing the potential impact of proposed rules on the care-carrying masses. If the GAO finds that only merchants benefit from lower interchange fees, card companies may win. Says Brian Gardner, a vice-president at research firm Keefe, Bruyette & Woods. "If the report comes out and says there is little evidence that [the benefits] would be passed on to consumers, then I think the oxygen gets sucked out of this thing. \

1.What are interchange fees Why does the author say "issuers and retailers are both playing the consumer-friendly angle" (Para. 1)

装置投料前达到的标准主要有（）。

A、全部盲板已按要求加入或拆除

B、分析化验准备工作就绪

C、投料前应编写详细的开车方案，首次开车方案必须经过有关部门的论证

D、管线、阀门的清理验收