试题与答案

Each summer, you hear news about a sport

题型:阅读理解

题目:

Each summer, you hear news about a sports player being rushed to the hospital or passing out because the heat was just too much. If you follow some basic safety tips, you’ll be safe and happy playing outside for years to come.
Drinking water is crucial to your health in the heat. This is the first thing that everyone says when it is hot outside. You should not drink soda, coffee, or iced tea when you’re playing outside, and for a few hours after you get inside too.
Be sure to take enough breaks to let your body rest. If you feel that your coach don’t let you take enough breaks in the heat, don’t wait until you feel awful to march to the sidelines. Once you feel bad, it’s usually too late. Just be honest with your coach when you need breaks. He’ll understand.
When you do have a break, don’t sit in the sun. With the sun beating down on you, you’ll only heat up and sweat more. Try to grab a seat in the shade under a tree, or even better, go indoors for a little while. Cooling yourself down can help you stay active longer.
The signs of dehydration(脱水)can be tough to recognize. They include a dry or sticky mouth, dry skin, a headache, and dizziness(头晕). You might not always feel thirsty, so watch out for the signs of dehydration, and get yourself into the shade and get some water before it gets worse.
The earlier in the day you start your workout or practice, the cooler it will be. If you can start practice before the sun comes up, you have a few good hours to practice in the cool hours of the morning. Also, the earlier you practice, the earlier you can be done, which gives you some good recovery time when the heat gets bad in the afternoon. If you need more practice time, a good idea is to take a break when the heat is bad and come back to the field later in the evening, when the sun is setting.
As long as you pay attention to the above, playing sports safely in the heat isn’t a difficult thing.
Title: Some safety tips while playing sports in the heat
Drinking water in time
●Drinking water is crucial and necessary when you play outside.
●Some drinks are not   小题1:for your body when you’re playing outside and for a few hours after you get inside.
Taking enough breaks
●Breaks can小题2:your body.
●Take a rest before it is too late.
●Take a break in the shade or go  小题3: to cool yourself down.
小题4:dehydration
 小题5: of dehydration: a dry or sticky mouth, dry skin, a headache and dizziness.
●Get into the 小题6: and get some water before it gets worse.
Choosing 小题7:hours for your practice
●Practice before   小题8:, so you can小题9:better in the afternoon.
●Do extra exercise in the evening with the sun   小题10:.

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

∵.x=2+3+4+5+65=4,.y=2.2+3.8+5.5+6.5+7.05=5,∴这组数据的样本中心点是(4,5)∵线性回归方程过样本中心点,故答案为:(4,5)

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题型:阅读理解与欣赏

(一)天气转暖害了北极动物

①阿拉斯加海岸对面,“北极黎明号”破冰船,正载着俄、美两国极地学家驶向北极。

②突然,了望室报告,船在左前方约1000米处发现一个活动物体,那物体的轮廓渐渐清晰——是只北极熊,它站在一块浮冰上,正从左船舷下经过,它的胸廓透过那雪白的柔毛显现出来,肚子呈褐色。它的4条腿支撑着那一吨重的身躯,在冰水中试图向船靠近。它的眼睛黝黑,眼窝深陷,憨厚的面孔充满渴望和乞求。船上的生物学家们都明白,它饿了,是船上飘出的鸡蛋和香肠的香味吸引了它。

③有人扔下去一把香肠,香肠落入水中,那熊迅速扑入水里,在波浪里乱抓。船继续向前走,也不知道那熊能不能捞起那些香肠。

④“北极黎明号”不能停下来,它刚刚驶到冰地的边缘,前边的路还很漫长。科学家们对那头熊的惨况感到震惊,但并不觉得意外。因为科学家们多年来一直在发出警告,提醒人们北极冰帽的不断融化和缩小,将造成许多世界上最令人喜爱的动物的死亡,这些动物包括北极熊、鲸鱼、海豹和海象。“北极黎明号”正是为调查这一正在不断加剧的环境灾难驶往北极进行科学探测的。

⑤北极原始质朴的冰、雪、冻原和永久冻土,给北极熊、海象、海豹、驯鹿、旅鼠、北极狐、北极狼和麝牛提供了栖息、繁衍的家园。这里是白鲸、角鲸、灰鲸常来“度假修养”之地,这里是全球15%的季候鸟每年前来寻找爱情孕育后代的地方。

然而,随着20世纪人类征服自然活动的不断加剧,这个地球最寒冷的地方已逐渐变暖,气温上升已超过1.5度——比世界平均气温上升速度快5

⑦在一个冬季来临气温可降至零下75℃的地方,平均气温上升一两度,对于那些依赖冰水和冰原的浮游生物及各种动物来说,几乎是灾难性的。因为在这里,食肉的北极熊要捕捉鲸、海象和海豹,海象、海豹和鲸则要在结冰的海水中觅食,它们喜欢的贝壳类生物、北极鳕鱼和海藻等也只有在冰水、冰原上才能存活。现在,由于浮冰变薄,冰区不断北移,这脆弱的食物链正在被拆散。

⑧暖潮融化了海象的冰巢,压死了正在哺育中的母象和它们的幼仔。即使幼象能活下来,成年象也难以喂饱它们,因为冰块越往北移,海水便越深,潜到海底去寻找甲壳类动物及鳕鱼就越发困难。冰块离海岸越来越远,部分动物甚至被困在陆地上,它们依托冰块潜水找食物的祖传谋生办法已经很难派上用场,饥一顿饱一顿的日子越来越多。

⑨在北极陆地上,灰熊、驯鹿、北极狐狸和狼在过去数百万年中养成了迁徒的习惯。每年春夏之际,幼嫩的草、青苔和地衣会悄悄拱出地面,然后很快消失,动物们便要抓紧时间迁到这里交配和哺育后代。但天气变暖使春天来得越来越早,苔原便也更早地枯萎。动物们按既有习性赶到这里时,草叶已枯黄并开始结籽,觅食和交配的条件已很恶劣。海鸠通常在夏天深入北极北部栖息,随冰区北移,现在它飞得越来越靠北,以致天气变冷后,它们已没有足够的时间逃离严寒地带,因此这种鸟正在迅速的灭绝之中。科学家预测说,如果冰层变得越来越薄,也许在20年内许多动物——包括北极熊,都会灭绝。

小题1:.通读全文,说一说“天气转暖”对“北极动物”有哪些危害?(3分)

小题2:.文章开头前三段叙述的事例有什么作用?(3分)

小题3:.文章第⑦段“现在,由于浮冰变薄,冰区不断北移,这脆弱的食物链正在被拆散”一句中,作者为什么用“被拆散”而不用“断开”,说说你的理解。(3分)

小题4:.请从说明方法的角度,简要说明第⑥段中画线句的表达作用。(3分)

然而,随着20世纪人类征服自然活动的不断加剧,这个地球最寒冷的地方已逐渐变暖,气温上升已超过1.5度——比世界平均气温上升速度快5倍。

小题5:.全球变暖给许许多多的生物带来了灭绝性的灾难,人类的生存环境也面临严峻的考验。结合文章内容,请你以北极动物的口吻写一段话,向人类发出警告。(60字以内)。(4分)

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