试题与答案

(14分) 阅读下列中外历史上法制建设的相关材料,回答问题。 材料一 “治民无常

题型:综合题

题目:

(14分) 阅读下列中外历史上法制建设的相关材料,回答问题。

材料一 “治民无常,唯以法治……明主之所制其臣者,二柄而已矣。二柄者,刑德也。何谓刑德?曰:杀戮之谓刑,庆赏之谓德。为人臣者畏诛罚而利庆赏……故法者,王之本也。”

——《韩非子》

材料二 “在罗马人那里,私有制和私法的发展没有在工业和贸易方面引起进一步的后果,因为他们的生产方式没有改变。”但当资本主义经济在封建社会内部逐渐发展起来时,“详细拟定的罗马法便立即得到恢复并重新取得威信。”

——《马克思恩格斯全集》第3卷

材料三 “人何以尊于禽兽!人有法律,而禽兽无之也”……“立法权如果操于一人,必立有利于一人的专制之法;立法权如果操于众人,则所立之法必然是有利于众人的民主之律……”“法者,天下之公器也。” 

——梁启超《饮冰室合集》

材料四 “法制”就是法律制度……而“法治”即法的统治(Rule of Law),法律至上,标志着民主政治...…“法治”的本质不是“治民”,而是“民治”,是人民当家作主治理国家、行使民主权利的形式和保障;应当把法律看成是人民自己创造出来用来规范自己行为、保障自己权益的社会公约,是维护自己合法权利的工具,它具有至上的权威。

——童光政《二十世纪中国法制文明的演进》

(1)材料一与材料二中“法”的职能有什么区别?结合材料二和所学知识,你认为“罗马法”在近代世界“恢复并重新取得威信”的原因有哪些?(5分)

(2)材料三、四有哪些共同观点? (3分)

(3)请举一个中国现代史的史实论证材料四中“民治”这一观点,指出20世纪末中国提出的“民治”目标,并结合上述材料谈谈自己对“法治”的认识。(6分)

答案:

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