题目:
Before the 1850’s, the United States had a number of small colleges, most of them dating from colonial(殖民的)days. They were small, church connected institutions whose primary concern was to shape the moral character of their students.
Throughout Europe, institutions of higher learning had developed, bearing the ancient name of university. In German university was concerned primarily with creating and spreading knowledge, not morals. Between mid-century and the end of the 1800’s, more than nine thousand young Americans, dissatisfied with their training at home, went to Germany for advanced study. Some of them return to become presidents of admired colleges-Harvard, Yale, Columbia-and transform them into modern universities. The new presidents broke all ties with the churches and brought in a new kind of faculty. Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, not because they were of the proper faith and had a strong arm for disciplining students. The new principle was that a university was to create knowledge as well as pass it on, and this called for a faculty made up of teacher-scholars. Drilling and learning by memorization were replaced by the German method of lecturing, in which the professor’s own research was presented in class. Graduate training leading to the Ph.D., an ancient German degree representing the highest level of advanced scholarly achievement, was introduced. With the establishment of the seminar system, graduate student learned to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.
At the same time, the new university greatly expanded in size and course offerings, breaking completely out of the old, restricted curriculum of mathematics, classics, rhetoric, and music. The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system, by which students were able to choose their own course of study. The new goal was to make the university relevant(相关的) to the real pursuits(追求) of the world.
答案:
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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。
生态系统是由非生物成分和生物成分两部分组成的.非生物成分包括阳光、空气、水和土壤等,他们为生物提供能量、营养和生存空间.生物成分包括生态系统中的全部生物.根据获得的营养和能量的方式,生物成分又可以...