下列过程或现象与盐类水解无关的是 [ ] A．纯碱溶液去油污 B．铁在潮湿的环境

阅读下文，完成文后的下列各题。

洪积扇——河流摊开丰饶扇面

当河流流出山谷时，也能“摊”出这样一块块扇形的土地来。相对于三角洲而言，洪积扇的形状大都为扇形。这块块“扇贝”，在西北干旱地区滋养出点点绿洲，在华北平原则影响着人们的种植方式。

天山南北雄奇壮丽，巍峨的群峰一线排开，在西北大地构筑出一道荒漠和雪山相接的风景线。

天山有很多山峰终年白雪皑皑，冰雪融水灌溉着美丽的高山草甸和郁郁葱葱的山地森林。在山脚，当山势渐缓时，各种植被也开始消失，石块、沙砾开始变成大地的主宰，地表变成了一片倾斜的沙石滩。冰川融水的涓涓细流渐渐四散开来，渗漏进沙土里，显示出干旱荒凉的景色。

然而继续再往下，胡杨、柽柳、芦苇等植物却又出乎寻常地冒了出来，就像一道花环一样围绕在大山脚下，形成了山脚沙石滩和山外大荒漠之间的一道绿色屏障，这就是沙漠边缘的绿洲。

从空中往下看，天山山脚就像点缀着一排排大扇贝，“扇贝”小则只有数百米方圆，大则有数十平方公里。在每一个有高山融水淌下的山谷口，往往会形成这样的扇贝：由砂石、黏土构成，在扇形上还有一道道放射状的水流痕迹，就像贝壳上面的花纹一样。这就是洪积扇。

在干旱、半千旱地区，河流从山区进入开阔地区很容易形成洪积扇。水从高处流下，极易散向两侧，所携带的沙石堆积下来，河流向前流淌，两岸土地也逐渐变宽，便会在山前逐渐“摊”出一个扇形。

洪积扇尖顶，也就是河流流出山麓的谷口，和山外宽广的扇形外缘，组成成分是不一样的。当山区湍急的河流流出谷口，水流搬运能力下降，巨石率先停留下来。随着水流越来越远，越来越缓，搬运能力越来越弱，水中的沙石也逐渐沉降下来，先是石块，然后是粗沙，最后是黏土。洪积扇尖顶大多是粗颗粒的沙石，而到了外缘则演变成了细腻的沙粒黏土。

锅有缝隙和窟窿会漏水，土地也一样。洪积扇顶端的砾石、粗砂颗粒大，孔隙很多，就像筛子一样，会让水分渗漏到很深的地方，所以土地比较干燥。而到了扇形的外缘，土地由粉沙和黏土组成，渗水性很差，就像在田地之下铺了隔水防渗膜一样，能让水分充盈在土地表面，使扇缘土地湿润，甚至抬高地下水水位，形成喷涌的泉水。天山脚下的绿洲，就是在这样湿润的土壤上生长出来。

让我们去广阔的西北见识洪积扇pe，阴山、贺兰山、祁连山、天山宽广的山脉下，各个山谷谷口的洪积扇互相联结形成山麓洪积平原。整个平原的扇缘因为地下水富集，会有连片的湿润地区，这在于旱她区最为宝贵，就成了村落与耕地集中的地方。新疆的乌鲁木齐、石河子等现代化城市，以及大片的瓜果棉花生产基地，大部分都坐落在天山北麓的山前洪积扇绿洲上。河西走廊的张掖、酒泉、武威这些处在戈壁荒漠间的历史名城，瓜果飘香、沟渠纵横，则是拜祁连山的洪积扇所赐。

除了莽莽大西北，我国华北地区的太行山、燕山等地的洪积扇也有自己的特色。这里的洪积扇由于受人类活动影响，形态上的扇形已经不太明显了，但是它却依然影响着人们的种植方式。在同一个洪积扇上，由于不同位置水分和土壤条件不同，人们对土地的利用呈地带性演变。   

（节选自《博物》2009年第9期，作者卫摇）

小题1:以下对“洪积扇”的表述，不正确的一项是    （   ）

A．洪积扇尖顶大多是粗颗粒的砂石，外缘则演变成了细腻的沙粒黏土。

B．洪积扇由砂石、黏土构成，扇形上有一道道放射状的水流痕迹，就像贝壳上面的花纹一样。

C．在干旱、半干旱地区，河流从山区进入开阔地区之后就形成了洪积扇。

D．天山山脚的洪积扇小则只有数百米方圆，大则有数十平方公里。小题2:根据文意，以下说法不正确的一项是          （   ）

A．在西北干旱地区，洪积扇滋养出点点绿洲；在华北平原，洪积扇则影响着人们的种植方式。

B．从洪积扇的扇缘到尖顶，依次是石块、粗砂、黏土，这是因为水流越来越远，越来越缓，搬运能力越来越弱。

C．在天山山脚，当山势渐缓时，各种植被也开始消失，地表变成了一片倾斜的沙石滩，一片干旱荒凉之景。

D．洪积扇顶端土地比较干燥，是因为那里的砾石、粗砂颗粒大，孔隙很多，会让水分渗漏到很深的地方。小题3:根据文意，以下推断正确的一项是        （   ）

A．在大山脚下，洪积扇成为山脚沙石滩和山外大荒漠之间一道绿色屏障。

B．洪积扇外缘土地由粉沙和黏土组成，能让水分充盈在土地表面，增加地下水的总量。

C．阴山、贺兰山、祁连山、天山的山谷谷口的洪积扇互相联结形成山麓洪积平原，形成连片昀湿润地区。

D．在同一个洪积扇上，人们对土地的利用呈地带性演变，这是因为位置不同，水分和土壤条件也不同。

超声波的物理特性中，“当两列频率相同、振幅相同的声波在同一直线上沿相反方向传播时，波节与波腹的位置不随时间而变化，能量保存在振动体系中，没有能量的传播”属于（）

A.驻波

B.声压

C.声强

D.半价层

E.干涉现象

患者，女，35岁，已婚。月经提前，量多，色淡，质稀，纳少便溏，气短懒言，舌淡，苔白，脉缓弱。其治法是

A．健脾和胃

B．补气摄血

C．养血调经

D．益气养血

E．补血止血

Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father, "But, Dad, you can't be healthy if you're dead."

　　Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt-- a mistake 75% of US population make every day. The big question is why.

　There have been many myths about safety belt ever since their first appearance in cars some forty years ago. The following are three of the most common.

　Myth the Number One: It's best to be "thrown clear" of a serious accident.

　　Truth: Sorry, but any accident serious enough to "throw you clear" is able going to be serious enough to give you a very bad landing. And chances are you'll have traveled through a windshield (挡风玻璃)or door to do it. Studies show that chances of dying after a car accident are twenty-five times in cases where people are "thrown clear".

　Myth Number Two: Safety-bets "trap" people in cars that are burning or sinking in water.

Truth: Sorry again, but studies show that people knocked unconscious (昏迷) due to not wearing safety belts have a greater chance of dying in these accidents. People wearing safety belts are usually protected to the point of having in these accidents. People wearing safety belts are usually protected to the point of having a clear head to free themselves from such dangerous situation, not to be trapped in them.

　Myth Number Three: Safety belts aren't needed at speeds of less than 30 miles per hour (mph).

　Truth: When two cars traveling at 30 mph hit each other, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 metres.

小题1:Why did Elizabeth say to her father, "But, Dad, you can't be healthy if you're dead"?

A．He was driving at great speed.

B．He was running across the street.

C．He didn't have his safety belt on.

D．He didn't take his medicine on time.小题2:The reason father was in a hurry to get home was that he __________.

A．wasn't feeling very well

B．hated to drive in the dark

C．wanted to take some exercise

D．didn't want to be caught by the people小题3: According to the text, to be "thrown clear" of a serious accident is very dangerous because you ________.

A．may be knocked down by other cars.

B．may get serious hurt thrown out of the car

C．may find it impossible to get away from the seat

D．may get caught in the car door小题4:Some people prefer to drive without wearing a safety belt because they believe _______.

A．the belt prevents them from escaping in an accident

B．they will be unable to think clearly in an accident

C．they will be caught when help comes

D．cars catch fire easily小题5:What is the advice given in the test?

A．Never drive faster than 30 miles an hour.

B．Try your best to save yourself in a car accident.

C．Never forget to wear the safety belt while driving.

D．Drive slowly while you're not wearing a safety belt.

与原发性肝癌预后无关的因素是？（）

A.肝癌的大小

B.AFP阳性

C.肝癌肿块的包膜完整性

D.机体的免疫状态

E.是否合并肝硬化