狭义的决策概念专指决策者对行动方案的最终选择，即通常所说的最终（）.A.拍板 B.修

一个圆柱形的橡皮泥，底面积是12cm²，高是5cm．如果把它捏成等底的圆锥，这个圆锥的高是______；如果把它捏成等高的圆锥，这个圆锥的底面积是______．

小凡同在做“观察水沸腾”实验中

（1）他的操作如图1所示，其中错误之处是______．

（2）纠正错误后，水沸腾时温度计示数如图2所示，为______℃，这说明当时水面上方的大气压______（填“高于”、“低于”或“等于”）一个标准大气压．

（3）分析如图3所示的图象，可知水在沸腾过程中温度的特点是______．

阅读理解。

     I believe that my country, Poland, is a perfect example for a place where food is particularly important.

When we were little children, we began to understand how much a loaf of bread meant to our parents-to

some it might sound silly but for me the custom of kissing bread before you started cutting it was simply

amazing. It's not so common nowadays to treat food that way, since you hardly ever bake your own bread.

Besides, everyone would call you crazy if you tried to kiss every bread roll before you ate them! But though

we no longer make our food from scratch (起点), some customs have been kept--that's why I feel so sorry

every time I have to throw any food away-even though I no longer live with my parents and nobody would

blame me for this anymore!

     Many people of our nation are still working as farmers, eating what they grow and harvest and therefore

enjoying everything more. It's widely known that you value more anything that needs your effort in the first

place. In most homes in Poland, especially those of farmers, the whole family would try and have their meals

together--extremely difficult now, but so rewarding (值得)! You can share other members' troubles and

successes, give your children some attention, or just sit down for a moment instead of rushing through life

aimlessly. Furthermore, your body, and stomach in particular will be very grateful (感激) for such a time!

     In Poland, a wedding, Christmas or even a birthday is celebrated with a great meal. Women in the house

get together and cook, sometimes for a few days before the event, and the extremely good or unusual food

will be remembered and widely talked about.

     You cannot over-value the importance of food in the country. What@^@^@s more, almost everyone in Poland

will be as interested in the topic as I am.

1. When the writer was a child, he / she ______.

A. found people were crazy about bread

B. learned people hardly baked their own bread

C. thought that cutting bread was amazing

D. began to realize the importance of food

2. The writer feels very sorry when he/she has to throw away any food because ______. 

A. he/she makes food from scratch

B. his/her parents would blame him/her

C. some customs still have effect on him/her

D. many people are still working hard as farmers

3. From the text, we can learn that, in Poland, ______. 

A. most meals can be interesting topics for a long time

B. family members can know more about each other by having meals together

C. it's common for women to get together to cook for a few days

D. the whole family often have meals together nowadays

采掘比例关系指标：通常表达（）的指标有产量与进尺比、采掘速度比、采掘工作面个数比、采掘工人数目比、三量与各类产量比，以及三量与各类掘进进尺比。

欧洲中世纪教堂的三种平面形式（集中式、巴西利卡、十字式）的简图，并说明特点。