右边漫画《习惯》给我们的哲学启示是 ①创造有利条件，促进事物成长②坚持解放思想

在汽车刹车系统失灵酿成车祸而导致车毁人亡的事件中，属于风险因素的是（）。

A、刹车失灵

B、车祸

C、车辆毁坏

D、人员伤亡

一个中学生在游泳池里潜水时，受到的浮力约为（　　）

A．5牛

B．50牛

C．500牛

D．5000牛

《建筑模数协调统一标准》中规定采用（）mm作为基本模数值，以M表示。

1.Secure Net (SN) manufacture security cards that restrict access to government owned buildings around the world.The standard cost for the plastic that goes into making a card is $4 per kg and each card uses 40g of plastic after an allowance for waste. In November 100,000 cards were produced and sold by SN and this was well above the budgeted sales of 60,000 cards.The actual cost of the plastic was $5·25 per kg and the production manager (who is responsible for all buying and production issues) was asked to explain the increase. He said ‘World oil price increases pushed up plastic prices by 20% compared to our budget and I also decided to use a different supplier who promised better quality and increased reliability for a slightly higher price. I know we have overspent but not all the increase in plastic prices is my fault’The actual usage of plastic per card was 35g per card and again the production manager had an explanation. He said ‘The world-wide standard size for security cards increased by 5% due to a change in the card reader technology, however, our new supplier provided much better quality of plastic and this helped to cut down on the waste.’SN operates a just in time (JIT) system and hence carries very little inventory.Required:

(a) Calculate the total material price and total material usage variances ignoring any possible planning error in the figures. (4 marks)

（6分）阅读下列图文，回答问题。

材料一  1945年6月26日通过的《联合国 * * 》规定联合国的宗旨是“维持国际和平及安全，促成国际合作，以解决国际间属于经济、社会、文化及人类福利性质之国际问题”，会员国应该遵守的原则是“各会员国主权平等，各会员国在国际关系上不得使用威胁和武力”等原则。

材料二 今天世界各国的经济是你中有我，我中有你。中国的海尔集团在美国建立了工厂，美国的产品也销售到中国，中国与日本、俄罗斯等国也有经济往来，各国经济既有合作，也有竞争，紧密地联系在一起。

材料三 

材料四 上海合作组织的宗旨是“维护和加强地区和平、安全与稳定，共同打击恐怖主义、极端主义和分裂主义、毒品走私、非法贩运武器和其他中国犯罪”等。

（1）结合材料一，判断联合国宗旨产生的背景是什么？从1945年起到现在人类社会发展

的主流是什么？（2分）

（2）材料二反映世界经济发展的趋势是什么？（1分）

（3）结合材料二、材料三回答，中国为适应世界经济发展潮流加入的相类似的组织是什么？（1分）

（4）目前传统安全领域问题依然没有解决，世界又面临新的安全威胁，请你写出两条解决问题的方法。（2分）