试题与答案

阅读下面的文字,完成3题 众所周知,人类的知识主要建立在两个基石之上:数学和语义

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

阅读下面的文字,完成3题

众所周知,人类的知识主要建立在两个基石之上:数学和语义学。在数字计算方面,计算机已经远远超越了人类,而提高计算机理解语言逻辑的能力,已经成为下一阶段的重点。1998年,“万维网之父"英国科学家伯纳斯•李进一步提出了“语义网’’的理念,目的就是使其作为一种智能网络技术能最终理解人类的语言。

万维网(World Wide Web,简称WWW或Web)是互联网最重要和最广泛的应用方式,利用万维网,用户可以浏览互联网上所有的信息资源。但是,万维网存在两个明显的不足。计算机不能理解网页内容的语义,例如,对于网上一组字符“09.05A”,计算机分不清它代表的是上午时间“九点零五分”,还是澳大利亚货币“九点零五元”,因此无法处理。网上有用信息难找,即使借助功能强大的搜索引擎,查准率也比较低,它在帮助网民得到成批相关网页的同时,也夹杂了许多用户不需要的信息垃圾。

存在这些问题的原因:在于万维网现在采用的是超文本标记语言(Hypertext Markup

Language,简称HTML),网页上的内容设计成专供人类浏览,而非供计算机理解和处理,因此无法为网民提供自动处理网上数据的功能。此外,万维网是按“网页的地址”,而非“内容的语义”来定位信息资源的,网上所有信息都是由不同的网站发布的,相同主题的信息分散在全球众多不同的服务器上,又缺少有效工具能将不同来源的相关信息综合起来,因此形成了一个个信息孤岛,查找自己所需的信息就像大海捞针一样困难。

通俗地说,“语义网”是按照能表达网页内容的“词语”链接起来的全球信息网;换言之,是用机器很容易理解和处理的方式链接起来的全球数据库。

语义网是现有的万维网的变革和延伸,它将使“理解网上信息的含义”不再是只有人类才能做到的事情,计算机在一一定程度上也同样可以做到,从而有助于信息与智能的共享,并使网络有能力提供动态与主动的服务,从而更利于人机之间的对话和协同工作。例如,人们看到网页上的天气预报,自然就会知道其中的含义,但计算机并不知道在那么多的数字中,哪一个数字代表温度,哪一个数字代表湿度。而语义网的意义就要在隐藏的编码中,指明哪个数字代表温度,哪个数字代表湿度,并且说明“温度”和“湿度”的含义。

此外,由于大部分科技创新和突破,都是对已有知识的重新组合和更新,因此语义网也为新的科技创新提供了无尽的资源。开发语义网的两个重要技术已经就绪,但要真正实现实用的语义网还有很多工作要做。

小题1:下列对于“语义网”的解说,不正确的一项是                            (      )

A.“语义网”是英国科学家伯纳斯•李继创立万维网之后提出的一种理念。

B.“语义网”是按照能表达网页内容的“词语”链接起来的全球信息网。

C.“语义网”是将网页用人脑很容易理解和处理的方式链接起来的全球数据库。

D.“语义网”是一种旨在使计算机最终理解人类语言的智能网络技术。小题2:关于“万维网”和“语义网”的区别,下列理解正确的一项是              (      )  

A.万维网采用的是超文本标记语言,而语义网采用的是文本标记语言。

B.万维网按网页的地址定位信息资源,而语义网按内容的语义定位信息资源。

C.万维网所有信息都由不同的网站发布,而语义网所有信息都是由同一个网站发布。

D.万维网上信息的含义只有人类才能理解,而语义网上信息的含义计算机同样也能理解。小题3:根据文意,下列推断错误的一项是                                     (      )

A.一旦语义网开发成功,许多用户不需要的信息垃圾将从互联网上彻底消失。

B.如果电脑能辨别字符的准确含义,网络就有能力提供动态与主动的服务。

C.语义网能有效地将不同来源的相关信息综合起来,所以将有利于科技创新。

D.虽然万维网的不足显而易见,然而把语义网从理念变为现实依然困难重重。

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

证明:△=(-k)2-4×(-2)=k2+8,∵k2≥0,∴△>0,∴无论k为何值时,方程有两个不相等的实数根.

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题型:阅读理解

Lynn was a young French Canadian girl who grew up in the farming community. At the age of l6, her father thought that she had enough schooling and forced her to drop out of school to contribute to the family income. In l922, with limited education and skills, the future didn’t look bright for Lynn. Her father demanded that Lynn find a job as soon as possible, but she didn’t have the confidence to ask for a job.

One day, Lynn gathered her courage and knocked on her very first door. She was met by Margaret Costello, the office manager. In her broken English, Lynn told her she was interested in the secretarial position. Margaret decided to give her a chance.

Margaret sat her down at a typewriter and said, “Lynn, let’s see how good you really are.” She directed Lynn to type a single letter, and then left. Lynn looked at the clock and saw that it was 11:40 a.m. Everyone would be leaving for lunch at noon. She thought she should at least attempt the letter.

On her first try, she got through one line but made four mistakes. She pulled the paper out and threw it away. The clock now read 11:45. “At noon,” she said to herself, “I’ll move out with the crowd, and they will never see me again.”

On her second attempt, things didn’t get any better. Again she started over and finally completed the letter, full of mistakes, though. She looked at the clock: 11:55—five minutes to freedom.

Just then, Margaret walked in. She came directly over to Lynn, and put one hand on the desk and the other on the girl’s shoulder. She read the letter and paused. Then she said, “Lynn, you’re doing good work!”

Lynn was surprised. She looked at the letter, then up at Margaret. With those simple words of encouragement, her desire to escape disappeared and her confidence began to grow. She thought, “Well, if she thinks it’s good, then it must be good. I think I’ll stay!”

Lynn did stay at Carhartt Overall Company…for 51 years, through two world wars and 11 presidents—all because someone had the insight to give a shy and uncertain young girl the gift of self-confidence when she knocked on the door.

小题1:Why did Lynn leave school at an early age?

A.To learn English well.

B.To earn money for her family.

C.To get self-confidence.

D.To become a typist.小题2:When Lynn applied for the job, she              .

A.could speak good English

B.didn’t know much about typing

C.knew Margaret very well

D.never wrote any letter小题3:How many attempts did Lynn make to type the letter?

A.One.

B.Two.

C.Three.

D.Four.小题4:Who does the underlined word “someone” in the last paragraph refer to?

A.Lynn’s father.

B.Lynn herself.

C.A president.

D.Margaret.小题5:What can we learn from Lynn's story?

A.Encouragement makes a difference.

B.Honesty is the best policy.

C.Virtue(美德) leads to success.

D.Time waits for no man.

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