遇到挫折时，向老师、同学、朋友、倾诉自己心中的痛苦和烦恼，以缓解压抑的心理，这种

阅读文段，回答问题。

　　驯鹿，雌鹿体重可达150多公斤，雄鹿较小为90公斤左右。雄雌鹿都生有一对树枝状的犄角，幅度可达1．8米，由真皮骨化后，穿出皮肤而成，每年更换一次，旧角刚刚脱落，新的就开始生长。驯鹿虽然温顺善良，却并非人工驯养出来的。北美的驯鹿是纯粹野生的；而分布于北欧，主要由拉普人管理的驯鹿则属于大范围圈养的。

　　驯鹿的冬毛十分浓密，长毛中空，充满了空气，不仅保暖，游泳时也增加了浮力。贴身的绒毛厚密而柔软，就像是穿了一身双层的皮袄。

　　驯鹿最惊人的举动，就是每年一次长达数百公里的大迁秽，也是遇山翻山，逢水涉水，勇往直前，前仆后继。但与旅鼠不同的是，驯鹿的迁移不是集体去自杀，而是一种充满理性的长途旅行。春天一到，它们便离开赖以越冬的亚北极森林和草原，沿着几百年不变的既定路线往北进发。总是由雌鹿打头，雄鹿紧随其后，浩浩荡荡，长驱直入，日夜兼程，边走边吃，沿途脱掉厚厚的冬装，而生长出新的薄薄的长毛。脱掉的绒毛掉在地上，正好成了天然的路标。就这样年复一年，不知已经走了多少个世纪。平时它们总是匀速前进，秩序井然，只有当狼群或猎人追来的时候，才会来一阵猛跑，展开一场生命的角逐。因此，有人把驯鹿的迁移叫做“胜利大逃亡”。

　　对世世代代生活在北极的爱斯基摩人来说，驯鹿是他们极其重要的物质来源，肉是上好的食品，跟牛肉的味道差不多，皮是缝制衣服、制作帐篷和皮船的重要材料，骨头则可做成刀子、挂钩、标枪尖和雪橇架等，还可以雕刻成工艺品。

1．上文应为______的文体（　　）

A．事物说明文

B．事理说明文

C．说明文和记叙文兼而有之

2．文中主要是从驯鹿的哪几方面加以介绍的？

____________________________________________________

3．揣摩下列加粗词语的作用。

（1）“但与旅鼠不同的是，驯鹿的迁移不是集体去自杀，而是一种充满理性的长途旅行”，加粗词语说明了什么？

____________________________________________________

（2）“总是由雌鹿打头，雄鹿紧随其后……就这样年复一年，不知已经走了多少个世纪。平时它们总是匀速前进，秩序井然，只有当狼群或猎人追来的时候，才会来一阵猛跑，展开一场生命的角逐”，加粗词语“总是”能否去掉，为什么？

____________________________________________________

Drinking Water: Bottled or From the Tap?

In America, people will include a case or two of bottled water when buying the week's groceries. When they are going to a soccer game or activity, it's common for them to grab a cold bottle of water out of the fridge with them．In fact, Americans buy more bottled water than any other nation in the world, about 29 billion bottles a year．

But all these plastic bottles use a lot of fossil fuels and pollute the environment．In order to make all the 29 billion bottles, producers use 17 million barrels of crude oil, which is enough to keep a million cars going for 12 months．

So why don't people drink water straight from the tap? Some people have a strong belief that bottled water is better than water out of the tap, but that's not necessarily true．In the US, the local governments make sure water from the tap is safe．There is also growing concern that chemicals in the bottles themselves may go into the water．

People love the convenience of bottled water．But maybe if they realized the problems it causes, they would try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a reusable steel container instead of plastic．

Some argue that plastic bottle recycling can help．Recycled bottles can be turned into items like carpeting or clothing．Unfortunately, only one in six bottles is recycled．The rest make it to landfills（垃圾填埋场）or end as trash in other places．Plastic bottles take hundreds of years for them to disintegrate．

Water is important for you, so keep drinking it．But think about how often you use water bottles, and see if you can make a change．

And yes, you can make a difference．Remember this: Recycling one plastic bottle can save enough energy to power a 60-watt light bulb for six hours．

小题1:Why do Americans prefer bottled water?

A．Bottled water is better than water from the tap．

B．Bottled water is cheaper than water from the tap．

C．Bottled water contains beneficial chemicals in it．

D．Bottled water is more convenient than water from the tap．小题2:What does the underlined word "disintegrate" in the fifth paragraph probably mean_____ .

A．Be well recycled．

B．Become less poisonous．

C．Break into small pieces．

D．Go down below a surface．小题3:The author's intention of writing this passage is to recommend Americans_____.

A．drink more water from the tap

B．send plastic bottles to landfills

C．use water bottles to power light bulls

D．buy bottles filled with water from the tap

元素的迁移

St John’s Hospital in Bath was established in 1180 to provide healing and homes by the bubbling spa springs for the poor and infirm. The charity is still there 830 years later: a much valued health and care service for the elderly. This demonstrates our country’s great charitable tradition in health. The Government’s desire to put citizens and patients first is both core to the current health reforms and a guiding mission for the country’s great charities and social enterprises. The words of the Health Secretary, Andrew Lansley, "no decision about me, without me", are our driving passion.
We have a dual role. to deliver health services, undertake research and provide care and compassion to those most in need; and to act as an advocate and adviser. We are sometimes a challenger of the health establishment and always a doughty champion for patients.
For these reforms to be a success we must ensure a much per role for the third sector. That is why we ply support the policy of "any willing provider". The previous Government was profoundly mistaken in pursuing a policy of the NHS as "preferred provider", which implied that services from our sector were less valued than the State’s. In fact, through a big expansion of the role of charities and social enterprises in providing care, we can provide more cost-effective and citizen-focused services.
This is not about privatisation. What matters is what is delivered, not who delivers it. This must be at the heart of health service reform. Charities can offer a better deal in so many ways. In 2008 the NHS spent just over 0. 05 per cent of its healthcare budget through charities. In other words this is a virtually untapped resource waiting to be used.
To me, competition in the NHS means British Red Cross volunteers being able to help more people to adapt to life at home after a lengthy spell in hospital, so preventing the need for readmission. Those who get this support are often aged over 65 and have experienced a fall. Volunteers bring them home, settle them in, advise neighbours or relatives of their return, check on pets, help to prepare a meal and make a further visit to ensure that they are safe and well. Such schemes can save the typical NHS commissioner up to ￡1 million a year.
Competition in the NHS would also mean an environmental charity such as BTCV running more "green gyms", which give people a physical workout while taking part in environmental projects. So far, more than 10,000 people--often referred by GPs--have taken part. An evaluation found that the positive impact on mental and physical health, not to mention the acquisition of new skills, means that the State saves $153 for every $100 it invests. On top of that, it has a positive impact on local communities and the environment. Do we want less of this or more I suspect that for most of us the answer is obvious.
Those who rely most on the NHS are the vulnerable, the very people charities were set up to help, precisely because they were being let down by the status quo. If groups such as the Red Cross and BTCV can do a better job than the NHS, we should let them.
Promoting wellbeing and preventing ill health have for too long been neglected aspects of the NHS’s role. These reforms rightly put emphasis on public health. Giving a role in health back to local councils is long overdue. The new health and wellbeing boards may provide the opportunity to get more resources behind public health as well as, for the first time, giving elected councillors the chance to scrutinise NHS resources. Preventing diabetes through better education, diet and exercise is always a better approach than picking up the costs of a growing number of people with diabetes. Charities such as Diabetes UK, working with councils and GPs, are critical to achieving that.
Of course there are challenges in introducing reforms. Of course proper funding is crucial. We want to ensure that there is a strategic approach to commissioning, including national guidelines. We want the new GP consortia to take full advantage of the opportunity to expand their work with our sector. The challenge we face as a country is to build on the sure foundations of our NHS to provide service that recognises and expands the work of charities, promotes partnerships between State, third and private sectors and moves on from arcane arguments over privatisation.

When the author writes "which implied that services from our sector were less valued than the State’s’(para. 3), the expression "our sector" most probably refers to______.

A. The National Health Service

B. St John’s Hospital in Bath
C. charities and social enterprises

D. private institutions and companies

下列哪种说法正确（）

A.谵妄病人可发生冲动行为

B.谵妄病人的视幻觉多为恐怖性的

C.谵妄病人常有定向障碍

D.谵妄病人可出现被害妄想

E.谵妄病人突然变得安静，说明病情好转