下图纵轴为酶反应速度，横轴为底物浓度，其中正确表示酶量增加1倍时，底物浓度和反应

Say goodbye to the world’s tropical glaciers and ice caps. Many will vanish within 20 years. When Lonnie Thompson visited Peru’s Quelccaya ice cap in 1977, he couldn’t help noticing a school-bus-size boulder that was upended by ice pushing against it. Thompson returned to the same spot last year, and the boulder was still there, but it was lying on its side. The ice that once supported the massive rock had retreated far into the distance, leaving behind a giant lake as it melted away.
Foe Thompson, a geologist with Ohio State University’s Byrd Polar Research Center, the rolled-back rock was an obvious sign of climate change in the Andes Mountains. "Observing that over 25 years personally really brings it home," he says. "Your don’t have to be a believer in global warming to see what’s happening."
41. Thawed ice caps in the tropics.
Quelccaya is the largest ice cap in the tropics, but it isn’t the only one that is melting, according to decades of research by Thompson’s team. No tropical glaciers are currently known to be advancing, and Thompson predicts that many mountaintops will be completely melted within the next 20 years.
42. Situation in areas other than the tropics.
The phenomenon isn’t confined to the tropics. Glaciers in Europe, Russia, new Zealand, the United States, and elsewhere are also melting.
43. The worsening effects of global warming.
For many scientists, the widespread melt-down is a clear sign that humans are affecting global climate, primarily by raising the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
44. Receding ice caps.
That’s not to say that glaciers, currently found on every continent except Australia, haven’t melted in the past as a result of natural variability. These rivers of ice exist in a delicate balance between inputs (accumulating snow and ice) and outputs (melting and "calving" of large chunks of ice). Over time, the balance can tilt in either direction, causing glaciers to advance or retreat. What’s different now is the speed at which the scales have tipped. "We’ve been surprised at how rapid the rate of retreat has been," says Thompson. His team began mapping one of the main glaciers flowing out of the Quelccaya ice cap in 1978, using satellite images and ground surveys.
45. Thinning ice cores.
And its’ not just the margin of the ice cap that is melting. At Quelccaya and Mount Kilimanjaro, the researchers have found that the ice fields are thinning as well. Besides mapping ice caps and glaciers, Thompson and his colleagues have taken core samples from Quelccaya since 1976, when the ice at the drilling location was 154 meters thick.
Thompson and his colleagues have also drilled ice cores from other locations in South America, Africa, and China. Trapped within each of these cores is a climate record spanning more than 8,000 years. It shows that the past 50 years are the warmest in history.
The 4-inch-thick ice cores are now stored in freezers at Ohio State. On the future, says Thompson, that may be the only place to see what’s left of the glaciers of Africa and Peru.
[A] The latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, prepared by hundreds of scientists and approved by government delegates from more than 100 nations, states. "There is new and per evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities." The report, released in January, says that the planet’s average surface temperature increased by about 0. 6℃ during the 20th century, and is projected to increase another 1.4℃ to 5.8℃ by 2100. That rate of warming is "with-out precedent during at least the last 10,000 years," says the IPCC.
[B] Alaska’s massive Bering and Columbia Glaciers located in nontropical regions, for example, have receded by more than 10 kilometers during the past century. And a study by geologists at the University of Colorado at Boulder predicts that Glacier National Park in Montana, under the influence of melting, will lose all of its glaciers by 2070.
[C] For example, about 97 per cent of the planet’s water is seawater. Another 2 per cent is locked in icecaps and glaciers. There are also reserves of fresh water under the earth’s surface but these are too deep for us to use economically.
[D] For example, Africa’s Mount Kilimanjaro in tropical areas has lost 82 percent of its ice field since it was first mapped in 1912. That year, Kilimanjaro had 12.1 square kilometers of ice. By last year, the ice covered only 2.2 square kilometers. At the current rate of melting, the snows of Kilimanjaro that Ernest Hemingway wrote about will be gone within 15 years, Thompson estimates. "But it probably will happen sooner, because the rate is speeding up."
[E] "I fully expect to be able to return there in a dozen years or so and see the marks on the rock where our drill bit punched through the ice," says Thompson. If that happens, it will mean that a layer of ice more than 500 feet thick has vanished into thin air.
[F] The glacier, Qori Kalis, was then retreating by 4. 9 meters per year. Every time the scientists returned, Qori Kalis was melting faster. Between 1998 and 2000, it was retreating at a rate of 155 meters per years (more than a foot per day), 32 times faster than in 1978. "You can almost sit there and watch it move," says Thompson.

阅读理解。

     Grammarphobia is the fear of grammar. This fear attacks almost everybody at one time or

another, and it's most likely to strike during English or language arts classes. Even people who

love reading and writing have been known to get feverish and insecure when they are aware

of the possibility of turning in homework with grammar or spelling mistakes. Though writing

may be enjoyable, being corrected is definitely not!

     Grammarphobes, it's time to put your fears behind you.Grammar isn't that dreadful (可怕的).

Here's why.

     Let's assume you like hearing and telling stories and that you enjoy joking with friends. You

probably also like emailing and instantmessaging.  Well, what do you think makes all these

possible? Grammar!

     Grammar is simply the art of putting words together to make sentences. Whenever you use

words to express yourself, you're using grammar. You do this all the time without even thinking.

     So why think about it? Because good grammar helps you convey the ideas you intend. If your

words aren't right, or if they are not in the right order, the person you are talking to might get the

wrong idea. This can have embarrassing results.

     Grammar helps us understand each other.  It's like a manual (手册) for assembling the words

in your head. You have to put your words together the right way if you want them to make sense.

They can't do what you want if they aren't put together correctly.

     What if everybody you know had a different manual? How would you agree on what others'

words mean? People with different grammar manuals might be speaking different languages.

     Communicating is similar to playing cards.  To make sense, we have to play the same game,

by the same rules. What are the rules for playing the game of English? You already know most of

them without having to open a book.

1. Grammarphobes refer to people who ________. 

A. consider grammar to be boring

B. are worried about grammar homework

C. mind grammar too much in writing

D. are afraid of making grammar mistakes

2. The underlined word "assembling"  in Paragraph 6 may    mean ________.

A. directing                  

B. remembering

C. bringing together        

D. looking for

3. What does playing cards have in common with communicating? 

A. Both need standards.

B. Both can be interesting games.

C. Both can be learned easily.

D. Both can make sense for our life.

4. What might be the main idea of the passage?  

A. Forgetting grammar when writing.

B. Grammar is not horrible.

C. Improving grammar through writing.

D. What is grammarphobia?

2～4周婴儿（）。

A.开始添加谷类食品

B.应完全断奶

C.开始添加鱼肝油

D.添加含铁丰富的食物

E.开始使用强化铁的谷物

继续犯：又称持续犯，指犯罪行为与该行为引起的不法状态在一定时间内处于继续状态的犯罪。 根据上述定义，下列行为属于继续犯的是( )。

A．孙某与有夫之妇张某存在不正当男女关系，被张某丈夫发现后，张某与孙某断绝了关系，孙某怀恨在心。两天之内先后将张某及其丈夫杀害

B．李某举报某派出所所长王某徇私舞弊，王某为报复李某，借执法之名，将李某非法拘禁3日

C．张某非法行医三年多，导致1人死亡，2人身体残疾

D．王某在走私毒品的过程中，遇到边防人员的检查，王某以暴力方法抗拒检查

如何抵制和拒绝参与赌博（）

①要自觉遵守学校校规校纪

②要认清赌博的危害，培养高尚的情操，要多参加健康积极的文体活动

③要分清娱乐和赌博界限

④不要因为顾及同学情面参与赌博

A.①

B.①②

C.①②③

D.①②③④