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(9分,每小题3分) 阅读下列文字,完成下列各题。 老北京的门神 门神是我国,也

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

(9分,每小题3分)

阅读下列文字,完成下列各题。

老北京的门神

门神是我国,也是北京市民俗中最多信仰的神祗之一,其历史之久,流传之广,种类之多在民间诸神中是最为突出的。

其中,祈福门神专为祈福而用。供奉、张贴者的家庭多为商界人物,希望从祈福门神那儿得到功名利禄,“爵鹿蝠喜、宝马瓶鞍”,皆取其名,以迎祥祉。

武将门神通常贴在临街的大门上,为了镇住恶魔或灾星从大门外进入,故所供的门神多手持兵器。北京居民院门口的武将门神多为唐代名将秦琼与尉迟恭。秦琼又名秦叔宝,山东历城人,武艺高强,世人赞为:赛专诸,似孟尝,神拳太保,双锏大将,锏打山东六府,马踏黄河两岸。尉迟恭,隋唐大将,武艺高强,日占三城,夜夺八寨,功累封鄂国公。秦、尉迟二将帮助李世民打下天下建立大唐后,被封为开国元勋,为什么会充当民间的门神呢?古籍记载:唐太宗李世民早年降瓦岗、扫窦建德、镇杜伏威等起义军,其间杀人无数。即位后,身体极差,夜间梦寐不宁,多做噩梦,常见祟魔在寝殿内外抛砖扔瓦,鬼魅呼叫,太宗终受不住恶鬼的折磨,召众将群臣商议。众将提出让元帅秦琼与大 * * 尉迟恭二人每夜披甲持械守卫于宫门两旁。是夜,果然无事。然久而久之,太宗念秦琼、尉迟恭二将日夜辛劳,便让宫中画匠绘制二将之戎装像,怒目发威,手持鞭锏,悬挂于宫门两旁。此后邪祟全消。后世沿袭此法,遂将二将永做门神而使他们在民间得以成为流传最广、影响最大、威望最高、普及性最强、贫富皆爱的门神,至今长盛不衰。

北京民居中供奉的除秦琼、尉迟恭外,还有《水浒传》里的解珍、解宝、吕方、郭盛。因为北京的院落较大,占地面积往往延至后面的胡同。所以,在北京的住宅里,还有一种专贴在后门的门神。不过北京民居的后门门神只贴一位,为什么呢?因为后门一般多为单扇门。贴谁呢?多为捉鬼神钟馗和大唐丞相魏征。魏征在隋唐演义中本是一文臣,最早在潞城县二贤庄三清观内当道长,被民间奉为门神后,其像也仗剑怒目,一派英武气概。

因为北京是座古老的城市和元明清数朝的政治、文化、商业中心,所以全国各地的文人、商贾、官宦、旅游者纷纷来到北京,与此同时,他们家乡的门神也随之而到,以神佑他们平安。所以,在北京民宅的大门上,各地门神应有尽有。如:燃灯道人、赵公明,东汉的姚期、马武,抗金英雄岳飞、韩世忠,最可爱的是密云一带供奉的门神竟是夫妻二人——杨宗保与穆桂英。总之,北京住宅院中所贴的门神多取自中国古典名著中的英雄好汉,这些武艺出众、仗义疏财、精忠报国的英雄,妇孺皆知,影响面广,备受民间的崇拜。

这些历史上的门神在千年的中华文化中神佑着中 * * 的子子孙孙,人们喜欢这种五颜六色的吉祥门画,只有贴上门神才能在欢度佳节的喜庆气氛中得到一种让他人难以想象到的思想满足和精神满足。

小题1: 下列各项中关于“门神”的解说,正确的一项是(    )

A.门神为祈福而用。爵鹿蝠喜、宝马瓶鞍,各取其名,供奉者希望从门神那儿得到功名利禄。

B.门神通常贴在临街的大门上,多手持兵器,用以镇住恶魔或灾星从大门外进入。

C.门神有前门和后门门神之别,北京住宅后门多为单扇门,只贴“魏征”一位门神。

D.住宅院落中的门神形象,多取自古典名著中那些武艺出众、仗义疏财、精忠报国的人物。小题2: 本文认为门神是北京民俗中最多信仰的神祗之一,以下不属于其依据的一项是(    )

A.北京作为数朝政治中心,政局动荡,门神文化最能体现北京百姓渴望和平、祈求福祉的美好愿望。

B.北京民居的门神形象丰富多彩,有神话传说人物,也有历史英雄人物,各地门神可谓应有尽有。

C.历史上,各地文人、商贾、官宦等,因各种目的纷纷涌进北京,他们带来了各地各种不同的门神文化。

D.北京百姓喜欢五颜六色的吉祥门画,他们认为在欢度佳节的喜庆气氛中贴上门神能够得到神的庇佑。小题3: 下列表述不符合原文意思的一项是(    )

A.北京的门神形象各异,风格多样,是北京作为数朝政治、文化和商业中心的体现。

B.门神风俗能够流传至今并成为一种文化,与中国古典名著的深远影响是分不开的。

C.随着时代发展,门神已失去了原来的“祈福”、“镇鬼”等功能,而成为一种文化象征。

D.门神的产生带有一定的迷信色彩,这是当时人们心理的渴望和精神抚慰的需要。

答案:

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