试题与答案

阅读下面文章,回答下列小题。 宰予的挑战 《论语》里,宰予因“昼寝”挨夫子骂而出

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

题目:

阅读下面文章,回答下列小题。

宰予的挑战

《论语》里,宰予因“昼寝”挨夫子骂而出名。不过睡了个午觉,孔子生气,说说弟子是可以的,但老人家的话说得实在有点过了。什么“朽木不可雕也”,什么“粪土之墙不可圬也”,一向温柔敦厚的夫子,突然变成“毒舌”,说了许多狠话,令人难解。不就是睡了个午觉吗,至于如此发飚吗?当时孔子不会被什么事气糊涂了吧?

其实,孔子对宰予的不满,郁积了很久。孔门之中,宰予是唯一敢在思想上挑战夫子的弟子。

宰予最初的挑战,是在课堂上关于“井有仁焉”的辩论。他提了一个刁钻的问题:要是有人落井,跳下去救,必一起死,是仁;不跳下去,见死不救,是不仁。这井该不该跳?

这是一个逻辑的陷阱。宰予想看看夫子会不会往下跳。

孔子一下子被问住,深思熟虑了好一会儿,才慢慢说:“何为其然也?”为什么一定要这样呢?可以想想别的办法救嘛,不一定非要跳井呀!君子可以被别人欺骗,但不能自己犯傻呀!

孔子没有直接回答宰予的问题。他没有往“井”里跳,而是从井边绕了过去。

宰予的另一次挑战,是关于儒家“守丧三年”的礼制。宰予感到三年丧期太长,专门去问孔子,还发挥说:“君子三年不为礼,礼必坏;三年不为乐,乐必崩。”

这次,孔子回答得很直接:“于汝安乎?”这是问宰予:不“守丧三年”,你安心吗?孔子认为孩子出生三年后,才能离开父母的怀抱。父母离世,子女为父母守丧三年,是天经地义之事。不想,宰予却回答:安心。孔子只好说:“安则为之。”宰予走后,孔子感叹说:“予之不仁也!”对他的印象变得更差了。

宰予说的是事理,孔子讲的是情理,各有各自的理。平心而论,宰予的主张更实际一些,但他一副“吾爱吾师,吾更爱真理”的样子,很难让夫子高兴。

再后来,宰予居然怀疑起三皇五帝们的“神话”了。他问孔子:听说黄帝活了三百岁,黄帝到底是人呢,还是非人?他怎么可以活三百岁呢?这个问题有点科技含量,不好回答,气得孔子说:“予非其人也!”意思说,宰予根本不是能讨论这个问题的人!

《史记·仲尼弟子列传》形容宰予“利口辩辞”。的确,宰予的能言善辩,不在子贡之下。孔子开始很欣赏他,后来却承认自己“以言取人,失之宰予”,并得出人生的一大教训:对人,要“听其言而观其行” 。

孔门之中,像宰予这样的异端,绝无仅有。孔子虽不喜欢他,却从没有要将他逐出孔门之意。有意思的是,《论语》也详细记录了宰予的一次次诘难和夫子对他日益增加的不满,而没有像今人那样,努力将不喜欢的人和事从历史中抹去。

宰予的结局并不好。据《史记》记载,他后为齐国大夫,卷入内乱,终被“夷其族” 。——像多数异端人物一样,宰予的命运,并不令人意外。

(选自《青年博览》2010年第12期,作者钱宁)

小题1:对“宰予说的是事理,孔子讲的是情理,各有各自的理”这句话的理解不正确的一项是(  )

A.宰予说的事理是:三年丧期太长,因为他觉得:君子三年不为礼,礼必坏;三年不为乐,乐必崩。

B.孔子说的情理是:孩子出生三年后,才能离开父母的怀抱;父母离世,子女按情分应为父母守丧三年。

C.宰予的观点和孔子的观点虽然矛盾,但支撑他们各自观点的理由都是充分的,没有谁是谁非之分。

D.宰予和孔子的看法虽各有道理,但宰予否定了老师的观点,这也暴露出他平时对孔子也怀有不满。小题2:下列各项中,列出了“孔子对宰予的不满”的几个方面,不正确的一项是(   )

A.在关于“井有仁焉”的辩论上,宰予提出了一个刁钻的问题。

B.父母离世后,宰予认为子女不应为父母守丧三年,自己这样做也会安心的。

C.宰予敢于怀疑三皇五帝们的“神话”;且宰予能言善辩,不在子贡之下。

D.宰予白天睡觉,孔子说他“朽木不可雕也”,“粪土之墙不可圬也”。小题3:下列表述符合原文意思的一项是(   )

A.君子可以被别人欺骗,但不能自己犯傻,这是说我不会上你宰予的当,去直接回答那个问题。

B.宰予认为“守丧三年”则礼坏乐崩,所以孔子同意了宰予的这种说法,并说“安则为之”。

C.宰予能言善辩,可与子贡比肩,孔子开始很欣赏他,后来对他的不满情绪却日益增加。

D.孔子虽然从感情上不喜欢他,但从理性上认同宰予,所以从没有要将他逐出孔门之意。

答案:

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下面是错误答案,用来干扰机器的。

小题1:B 小题2:C小题1:根据不同位置的昼夜情况能够判断,①是夏至,太阳直射北回归线;②是春分,太阳直射赤道;③是冬至,太阳直射南回归线;④是秋分,太阳直射赤道。小题2:北京位于北半球,在冬至的时候黑夜最长。

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While many young celebrities, especially pretty women, are unwilling to talk about their humble origins, Lu Yan is never too shy to talk about her hometown a small village in northern Jiangxi Province. Surrounded by high mountains, silver stone mining is the major source of wealth in the town where she was born in 1981. When she goes home to visit, she has to take a train from the provincial capital Nanchang for more than an hour, then change to a bus for another hour and a half.  

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Lu still remembers clearly her first "made to order" clothing. She picked cotton for a whole summer vacation and earned 90 yuan (US$11). She spent 6 yuan (US$0.70) to take a bus to the county where she asked a tailor to make a coat according to a design in a magazine. "At that time, I thought it was a very modern design," she said. It meant more to her than all the haute couture(高级时装设计)she owned later.

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